green belt is defined as a narrow green area surrounding an urban area. shiraz green belt has been developed through 9 projects with a variety of purposes since 2005. the development of green belt is being considered in a number of iranian cities, and therefore, investigation of shiraz green belt’s purposes and challenges could contribute to an appropriate planning by decision makers. the main ...

Urban area expansion is one of the most critical types of worldwide change, and most urban areas are experiencing increased growth in population and infrastructure development. Urban change leads to many changes in the daily activities of people living within an affected area. Many studies have suggested that urbanization and crime are related. However, they focused particularly on land uses, t...

background previous studies provided inconsistent associations of smoking, stroke, and serious psychological distress (spd) with epilepsy while urban-rural differences in the associations of risk factors with epilepsy are not well documented. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the associations of lifestyle, health conditions, and spd with epilepsy and to examine whether the associations di...

Many urban policies aim to improve areas and address socioeconomic deprivation. The resulting investment is often delivered through area-based programmes which incorporate initiatives to improve the physical, social and economic environment. Hypotheses that these investments can contribute to wider public health strategies are based on epidemiological data and used to support the concept of hea...

Study of the land-use/land cover (LULC) changes close to the boundary of the buildup area (urban fringe) provides deeper understanding of a land-use dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. Few thoughts have given to the analysis of complicated spatial landscape at a fringe area. The aim of this paper is to resolve this bias by focusing on these interfaces. Results of this paper show ...

In the early 1960s the urban area speed limit was increased from 30 to 35 mph in Victoria and NSW. With the introduction of metrication in 1974 the urban area speed limit of 35 mph (56 km/h) was changed to 60 km/h throughout Australia. The reason why 60 km/h was selected is discussed. A study of the likely relationship between travelling speeds and the incidence of pedestrian fatalities was con...

PURPOSE Comparison of TB incidence in young and middle age group between urban/surrounding area and other area. MATERIAL & METHODS TB incidence in young and middle age group by sex, nationality, labor status and prefecture is calculated with data of National Population Survey and TB surveillance in 2005. Risk factors of TB infection/break down such as public transportation, poverty, populatio...

Nowadays, an area-based approach seems to be common for urban policies in Western Europe. Policies are directed towards spatially defined areas in order to be more efficient in solving problems in cities. Yet, besides solving problems in the targeted area, an area-based approach has an in-built danger: it might lead to a displacement of problems. This so-called spatial knock-on effect is an eff...