The objective of the current analysis is to see the factors responsible for malnutrition in children (under-5 years) in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In this study binary logistic model is applied to 1831 observations of urban and 3427 observations of rural areas. The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is constructed and used as an indicator of malnutrition. It is estimated...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between urban-rural location and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Yangon Region, and to estimate the proportion of urban and rural participants already diagnosed with DM, and of those, the proportion under treatment and under control. DESIGN Two cross-sectional studies, using the WHO STEPs methodology. SETTING The Yangon Region of Mya...

BACKGROUND We describe trends in childhood mortality in Kenya, paying attention to the urban-rural and intra-urban differentials. METHODS We use data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) collected between 1993 and 2008 and the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) collected in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2010, to estimate infant mortality rat...

Owing to the increasing number of elderly "baby boomers" in Japan, the number of cancer patients is also expected to increase. Approximately 2 million baby boomers from nearby local areas are residing in metropolitan areas; hence, the geographical distribution of cancer patients will probably markedly change. We assessed the expected number of breast cancer (BC) patients in different regions (u...

This paper analyzes urban growth boundary delimitation in the urban master plan in Shaanxi Province and chooses Baoji, Weinan and Ankang as the research object. The three cities have delimited urban growth boundaries. This paper compares interrelationships between urban spatial structure, urban size, delimitation of the four areas, boundaries of planning area, natural boundaries, artificial bou...

Urban development has a marked effect on the ecological and behavioural traits of many living organisms, including birds. In this paper, we analysed differences in the numbers of wintering birds between rural and urban areas in Poland. We also analysed species richness and abundance in relation to longitude, latitude, human population size, and landscape structure. All these parameters were ana...

Numerous studies have shown that lung cancer rates are higher in urban than rural areas, controlling for differences in age and sex profiles. One explanation is that smoking rates are higher in urban areas, although it is not clear whether the variations in smoking behaviour fully account for the observed urban/rural gradient in lung cancer incidence. Indeed, some studies have demonstrated an e...

1.1 Urban forestry in the United States: Status and scope The United States has observed unprecedented urban growth over the last few decades. Nowak et al. (2005) noted that between 1990 and 2000, the share of urban land area in the nation increased from 2.5% to 3.1%. Existing urban areas in the U.S. maintain average tree coverage of 27% (Nowak et al. 2001), and consist of millions of trees alo...

pedestrian areas are a type of urban public space, nowadays because of the serious consequencesof car-dependency and ignoring pedestrian needs, a consensus on the importance of walking and the necessity forplanning for pedestrians movement has been formed among urban designers, planners and people. the concernsabout human health and movement in city create a new trend in contemporary urbanism, ...