BACKGROUND Knowledge of the mineral composition of the causative urolith is important to develop preventative strategies. Advances in analytic techniques have led to detection of urolith components not previously recognized. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to characterize uroliths in sheep and goats structurally and clinically. We hypothesized that amorphous magnesium ...

Urolith, which consists of dirty yellow-colored attachments on the toilet bowl, is associated with a variety of odorous chemicals, including ammonia, and causes disadvantages in daily life. Although largely it is derived from microorganisms, little is known about the microbial processes underlying the formation of urolith. In order to gain insight into the types and the activities of microorgan...

This article is devoted to answering frequently asked questions from veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and pet owners about urolithiasis and the detection, treatment, and prevention of various types of uroliths from various locations in the urinary tract. It has been divided into the following topics: urolith analysis, urolith types, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, urolith recurrence,...

Ammonium chloride was added to diets varying in Ca content to evaluate its potential in preventing silica urolith formation in sheep. A 2 x 2 factorial experiment involved wether lambs with ad libitum access to a diet of 50% grass hay and 50% ground oats plus supplement. The basal diet contained on a DM basis 3.3% SiO2, .31% Ca, .22% P, 11.6% CP, and 26% ADF. Treatments (38 to 39 lambs/treatmen...

A 7-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to the urology service for nonsurgical urocystolith removal. A urolith was attached to the urothelium by ectopic bone. Interventional removal without surgery was successful. Follow-up evaluation 3 years after urolith removal revealed recurrent uroliths, bladder wall mineralization, and marked renal mineralization. This case illustra...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the cause of selected canine urolith formation using less conventional but more advanced analytical methods. METHODS A routine laboratory specialising in urinary calculi analysis noticed a special type of core zone in some canine uroliths, which was typically made up of cylindrical holes. Of 4028 canine samples analysed, non-absorbable suture ...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that urate uroliths are uncommonly detected in female Dalmatians, compared with males. DESIGN Case-control study. SAMPLE POPULATION Medical records of dogs evaluated at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America from 1981 to 2002 and compiled by the Veterinary Medical Database, and records of dogs with uroliths submitted for quantitative analyses to the ...

The submission rates of feline uroliths to laboratories and the composition of uroliths have been reported in studies. The prevalence of uroliths reported on imaging findings has not been published. The objective of this retrospective study was to use imaging data to investigate the anatomical location and the prevalence of macroscopic in situ uroliths in cats. Radiographs, sonograms and imagin...

Multiple techniques exist to remove uroliths from each section of the urinary tract. Minimally invasive methods for removing lower urinary tract stones include voiding urohydropropulsion, retrograde urohydropropulsion followed by dissolution or removal, catheter retrieval, cystoscopic removal, and cystoscopy-assisted laser lithotripsy and surgery. Laparoscopic cystotomy is less invasive than su...

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in urolith composition in cats. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION 5,230 uroliths. PROCEDURES The laboratory database for the Gerald V. Ling Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory was searched for all urolith submissions from cats from 1985 through 2004. Submission forms were reviewed, and each cat's age, sex, breed, and stone location were record...