background bladder reconstruction in the pediatric population is challenging for many reasons, including perioperative complications and readmissions. objectives on a national scale, determine readmission rates at 30, 60 and 90 days after bladder reconstruction in a pediatric population over a 7-year period, evaluating the influence of hospital and patient-specific variables. patients and metho...

[no abstract available]

Open renal surgery for calculous disease replaced by percutaneous and shock-wave methods. Oncology: Modified lymphadenectomy for testicular tumors and initial chemotherapy for stage III seminoma; potency preserving treatment of early prostatic cancer by modified surgery or interstitial implants. GNRH-analogues for pharmacological castration: conservative attitude towards renal and urethral trau...

concerning each of these aspects was imperative throughout the progress of World War II and the mechanisms of dispersing current information regarding personal health measures were effective only insofar as they became highly individualized. The military experiences in provision of adequate clothing and in maintaining optimum nutritional status, based on careful physiological observation, are e...

background playing video games in childhood may help achieve advanced laparoscopic skills later in life. the virtual operating room will soon become a reality, as “doctor games 2.0” will doubtlessly begin to incorporate virtual laparoscopic techniques. objectives to teach surgical skills to schoolchildren in order to attract them to urology as a professional choice later in life. materials and ...

Division of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (WK, SLT, AGA) Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (GSK, AZ) Division of Urology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (RHB) Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (AF) Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (AS, PB) Division of Urology, Western Univ...

Department of Urology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Rome, Italy; Department of Urology, University Medical Centre HamburgEppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Urology Clinic, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Universitätsspital Basel, Urologische Klinik, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Department of Urology, Vita-Sa...

background: with regard to accelerated progresses in the world of science and technology, as well as changes in the needs of the society, medical education should be a developing process. one of the main factors that can promote education from a static to a dynamic and effective state is evaluation. purpose: the purpose of the present survey is to determine the rate of success of medical studen...