Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) describes a growing family of approaches and methods to enable local people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and to act. PRA has sources in activist participatory research, agroecosystem analysis, applied anthropology, field research on farming systems, and rapid rural appraisal (RRA). In RRA information is more el...

the aim of this study is to study the nomad women's indigenous knowledge of housing in tribes of kalhor kalhor. the study was a done by qualitative approach, using participatory methods pra, and focus groups in the gilan e gharb city of kermanshah province. the results were analyzed by content analysis. purposeful sampling was used for data collection. findings from real-life context of tr...

1 Introduction Activities in and with groups are a central element of participatory research processes, particularly in the most popular approach, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Ideally a research team comprises people from various disciplines, of both sexes and of different cultural origins to avoid observer bias and to include diverse perspectives. As regards the methods used in PRAs, g...

This research examines the conduct and consequences of the use of participatory rural appraisal techniques in four rural development projects in The Gambia. The research included a review of literature on PRA and the identification of a series of key themes that would allow an assessment of its utility. Fieldwork in The Gambia included reviews of project documentation, key informant interviews,...

The existence of unowned, free-roaming dogs capable of maintaining adequate body condition without direct human oversight has serious implications for disease control and animal welfare, including reducing effective vaccination coverage against rabies through limiting access for vaccination, and absolving humans from the responsibility of providing adequate care for a domesticated species. Mark...

BACKGROUND Surveys have been the conventional methods used for identification of people with disabilities; however, they have been observed to be expensive and time-consuming that may not be affordable or practical. As a result, the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and key informant (KI) approaches have been developed and increasingly used in the resource-poor countries. OBJECTIVE To inves...

101 Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 24 number 3 october 2009 © the australian national university Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is an approach to data collection in participatory research. In this approach, the researcher is required to acknowledge and appreciate that research participants have the necessary knowledge and skills to be partners in the research process. PRA techniques were...

Background and objectives: Coumarins have potential anticancer effects. Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss, is a perennial herb which has shown to have several dihydropyranocoumarins like grandivittin (GRA) and dihydrofuranocoumarins such as prantschimgin (PRA). Previously the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant effect of GRA and PRA have been reported. Understandi...