Previous work in both human and animal models has shown that CTL responses can be generated against proteins derived from tumors using either peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) or nucleic acids from the tumor transfected into autologous DCs. Despite the efficacy of this approach for vaccine therapy, many questions remain regarding whether the route of administration, the frequency of administ...

BACKGROUND Intranasal delivery of vaccines directed against respiratory pathogens is an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. However, using this delivery route for inactivated vaccines usually requires the use of potent mucosal adjuvants, and no such adjuvant has yet been approved for human use. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have developed a live attenuated Bordetella pert...

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for human use against tuberculosis (TB). Although controversy exists about its efficacy, the BCG vaccine is able to protect newborns and children against disseminated forms of TB, but fails to protect adults against active forms of TB. In the last few years, interest in the mucosal delivery route for the vaccine has been in...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that is being evaluated as a vaccine vector for the delivery of foreign genes in mammals. The use of NDV as a vaccine vector in these species offers two major advantages. First, NDV is highly attenuated in mammals, rendering its use inherently safe. Second, mammals lack pre-existing NDV immunity, which minimizes the risk of vaccination failure. ND...

OBJECTIVE A prospective study was carried out in the well baby and immunization clinics of tertiary care hospital to compare the immunogenicity of low dose hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) given intradermally versus standard dose given intramuscularly. METHODS One hundred ninety six term, healthy, Australia antigen negative and exclusively breast fed babies were allocated into two groups in a simple...

Recombinant proteins are tending to be the most favorable vaccine-candidates against botulism. Recombinant Carboxy-terminal of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (rBoNT/E-HCC) has been introduced as an efficient vaccine against botulism type E. In this report, we made an effort to investigate the effect of different pH on protein structure to assess if rBoNT/E-HCC could be used as a vaccine for or...

Vaccines are considered as one of the major contributions of the 20th century and one of the most cost effective public health interventions. The International Vaccine Institute has as a mission to discover, develop and deliver new and improved vaccines against infectious diseases that affects developing nations. If Louis Pasteur is known across the globe, vaccinologists like Maurice Hilleman, ...

Administration of oral vaccine to large numbers of children over a short period of a few days requires considerable organization and advance planning. We were fortunate in that several members of the Middletown Project Staff were able to visit and consult with those responsible for the Rochester, New York and Cincinnati, Ohio oral vaccine programs which had been carried out in the preceding yea...