97 There are several contexts in which randomization in research design is not possible. Researchers may be interested in the effects of large-scale events or policy initiatives, or of complex causal processes that cannot be replicated. Threats to external validity in randomized experiments will lead to greater dividends for some research questions in a quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experime...

Stephen Read has presented an argument for the inconsistency of the concept of validity. We extend Read’s results and show that this inconsistency is but one half of a larger problem. Like the concept of truth, validity is infectedwithwhat we call semantic pathology, a condition that actually gives rise to two symptoms: inconsistency and indeterminacy. After sketching the basic ideas behind sem...

Abstract This paper explores an idea of Stoic descent that is largely neglected nowadays, the argument valid when conditional formed by conjunction its premises as antecedent and conclusion consequent true. As will be argued, once some basic features our naïve understanding validity are properly spelled out, a suitable account conditionals adopted, equivalence between arguments true makes perfe...

We present an exemplary study in Computational Metaphysics, which is an emerging, interdisciplinary field aiming at the rigorous formalisation and deep logical assessment of rational, philosophical arguments on the computer. The particular focus here is on the ontological argument for the existence of God. While related work [9, 7] has concentrated on Anselm’s simpler original version of the on...

The purpose of this study was to examine information sharing on social media platforms (facebook, twitter, instagram, youtube, etc.) in terms the accuracy information. Within scope study, effect systematic (argument quality, validity, aspect) and heuristic (expertise, popularity, trustworthiness) clues, which are thought have an impact decision process preservice teachers regarding attitude tow...

Students use Facebook to organize their classroom experiences [1], but hardly to share and form opinions on subject matters. We explore the benefits of argument diagrams for the formation of scientific opinion on behaviorism in Facebook. We aim at raising awareness of opinion conflict and structuring the argumentation with scripts [2]. A lab study with University students (ten dyads per conditi...

Section 2 concerns the classification of G-vector bundles. The precise statement is: The equivalence classes of k-dimensional G-vector bundles over M” “ subordinate ” to Pare in a natural one-to-one correspondence with the equivariant homotopy classes of maps of M into Gk( V’), the grassmannian of k-planes in V’, if t > n + k. The existence of a classifying map is proved via a transversality ar...

Formal and computational models of argument are ideally suited for education in ill-defined domains such as law, public policy, and science. Open-ended arguments play a central role in these areas but students of the domains may not have been taught an explicit model of argument. Computational models of argument may be ideally suited to act as argument tutors guiding students in the formation o...

Argumentation schemes are common types of defeasible argument evaluated with critical questions. This position paper identifies and explores some unsolved problems pertaining to critical questions, such as their argumentative effects, their connection to burden of proof, their connection to the scheme itself, and how they should be represented in argument diagrams. Discussion will use the schem...