During the last decade there has been increasing interest in small circular proteins found in plants of the violet family (Violaceae). These so-called cyclotides consist of a circular chain of approximately 30 amino acids, including six cysteines forming three disulfide bonds, arranged in a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. In this study we map the occurrence and distribution of cyclotides throu...

The macroscopic character of the whole plant, physical constant values, extractive values, behaviour on treatment with different chemical reagents. Fluorescence characters under uv light after treatment with different chemical reagents of the powdered whole plant of lonidium suffruticosam Ging (Family; violaceae) were studied to characterize some pharmacognostical parameters. Preliminary photoc...

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The Hawaiian endemic Viola kauaensis A. Gray has a broad distribution in bogs of Kaua`i and a limited distribution on mesic ridges in the Ko`olau Mountains of O`ahu. Based on differences in scale, the O`ahu populations of Viola kauaensis had previously been described as a distinct taxon. The taxonomic status of the O`ahu populations was reevaluated through a morphometric analysis of all varieti...

Background Cyclotides are disulfide-rich miniproteins with the unique structural features of a circular backbone and knotted arrangement of three conserved disulfide bonds. These features make them exceptionally stable and they have applications as plant defense (insecticidal) agents and stable drug frameworks. So far they have been found mainly in two plant families, including in every species...

Cyclotides are an extremely stable class of peptides, ubiquitously distributed in Violaceae. The aim the present study was to investigate presence cyclotides Sri Lankan Violaceae plants, using combined tools transcriptomics and mass spectrometry. New were discovered for first time wild flora Lanka, within Viola betonicifolia, a plant used traditional medicine as antimicrobial. Plant extracts pr...

In the present study, 1220 plant extracts obtained from 352 plants belonging to 73 families that grow in the Amazon and Atlantic rain forests were screened for cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Extracts were tested in the single dose of 100 microg/mL. Activity was observed in 17 aqueous or organic extracts belonging to Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Capparaceae, Commelina...

Cyclotides are peptides from plants of the Rubiaceae and Violaceae families that have the unusual characteristic of a macrocylic backbone. They are further characterized by their incorporation of a cystine knot in which two disulfides, along with the intervening backbone residues, form a ring through which a third disulfide is threaded. The cyclotides have been found in every Violaceae species ...