In 1836 a meeting of the nascent British Medical Association (BMA) expressed concern over the "vast amount of gratuitous medical assistance" offered by London's voluntary hospitals.' Seventeen years later, the British Medical Journal printed Edward Crossman's presidential address to the Bath and Bristol branch of the BMA, which highlighted the issue as one of professional concern.2 In the inter...

This paper describes the mechanics of establishing a voluntary, incentive-based integrated coastal management program in Indonesia that is consistent with the newly established laws relating to decentralization. It first offers a close analysis of those laws, specifically Act No. 22/1999 and its implementing Regulation No. 25/2000 regarding management authorities, and Act No. 25/1999 and its im...

A common therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of patients with hemiparesis involves repetitive voluntary movements with manual assistance from a therapist (“active-assist therapy”). We used a novel robotic device to deliver a controlled form of active-assist therapy in chronic stroke patients (N = 7). To examine the utility of direct mechanical assistance in rehabilitation of voluntary a...

A common therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of patients with hemiparesis involves repetitive voluntary movements with manual assistance from a therapist (“active-assist therapy”). We used a novel robotic device to deliver a controlled form of active-assist therapy in chronic stroke patients (N = 7). To examine the utility of direct mechanical assistance in rehabilitation of voluntary a...

once again that ways and means have got to be found to produce a real economy in public current expenditure. Enormous programmes of building have been sapping our national finances. Th^ serious and backward structural conditions of very many of the hospitals taken over under the National Health Act in 1948, and especially the hospitals for the mentally ill, will and mus* continue to absorb a la...

Since December 1942 the Bureau of Public Assistance has received semi-annual statistical reports from State public assistance agencies concerning the staff in the State and local offices. The reports, which are made on a voluntary basis, came at the beginning from 29 agencies in 25 States; by De-cember 1947, 52 agencies in 45 States were participating in the project. Prom these reports and othe...

the students of the "Empirical Methods" course at the University of Munich, and participants at the Harvard Business School "Open Source" Lunch for their time, advice, and stimulating discussions. Abstract This exploratory study analyzes the context within which end-users develop sports-related consumer product innovations. We find that end-user innovators who are members of voluntary special-i...

The ‡uctuations in incomes inherent in rural communities can be attenuated by reciprocal assistance. A model of reciprocal assistance based upon rational action and voluntary participation is presented. Individuals provide assistance only if the costs of so doing are outweighed by the bene...ts from expected future reciprocation. A distinction is made between general reciprocity where the count...