Some 20 years after reunification, the contrast between East and West Germany offers a natural experiment for studying the degree of persistence of Communist-era family patterns, the effects of economic change, and fertility postponement. After reunification, period fertility rates plummeted in the former East Germany to record low levels. Since the mid-1990s, however, period fertility rates ha...

The Erosion of Union Membership in Germany: Determinants, Densities, Decompositions Union density in Germany has declined remarkably during the last two decades. We estimate socio-economic and workplace-related determinants of union membership in East and West Germany using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel by means of ChamberlainMundlack correlated random effects probit models. Drawing...

Author details Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Center Cologne-Merheim, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of...

The paper informs about innovation cooperation in East Germany. Besides a description of the cooperation behavior in general, it focuses on the question whether cooperating enterprises are more innovative and thus more productive than non-cooperating firms. A comparison between East and West German firms is being made. It can be shown that there are no deficiencies in cooperation frequency or c...