abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

McKee's laptop is always running while he travels, and he is known for his “legendary ability to write influential and original articles at lightning speed”, says Andy Haines, Professor of Public Health and Primary Care at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), where McKee is also based. As Professor of European Public Health, McKee is bold and outspoken: he issues unapolog...

THE FUTURE OF MAN. Predictions of a Biologist. By P. B. Medawar. New York, Basic Books Inc., 1960, 128 pp. $3.00. This book proves that scientific distinction and the ability to write lucidly and entertainingly are not necessarily incompatible. Many fascinating points are raised, few definitive answers are given. Why do children born between May and October have slightly higher scores in intell...

Rapid urbanization and severe air quality deterioration in Pakistan have increased citizens’s concern towards air pollution. This study, conducted in November, 2016, aimed to develop relationship between degraded air quality and resident’s willingness to pay for improved air quality in city of Lahore, Pakistan through contingent valuation method to quantify an individual’s willingness to pay fo...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

forests and rangelands are the most important natural ecosystems which provide many economic benefits to the society due to their biodiversity and ecological functionalities. dashtenaz wildlife refuge, sari, is a sylvan region, covering 55 ha of rangeland with abundant diversity, is refuge of an endangered species of deer called dama mesopotamica. in this study, contingent valuation method (cvm...

The purpose of this essay is to make some self-evident (yet often ignored) remarks about how to write a paper. We argue that the key to writing well is full awareness of the role of papers in the scientific process and full implementation of the principles, derived from this awareness, in the writing process. We also provide some concrete suggestions. Comment: The current essay is a revised and...

Today, shared libraries are ubiquitous. Developers use them for multiple reasons and create them just as they would create application code. This is a problem, though, since on many platforms some additional techniques must be applied even to generate decent code. Even more knowledge is needed to generate optimized code. This paper introduces the required rules and techniques. In addition, it i...