In this paper, I consider whether virtual worlds are history in two senses of the word. The first explores the implications of the life-cycle of virtual worlds, especially of their extinction, for thinking about the history of computerbased technologies, as well as their use. The moment when a virtual world “is history” – when it shuts down – reminds us that every virtual world has a history. H...

Historians working in the present day, just like their medieval and early modern predecessors, are confronted with difficult choices when they write of human population groups.1 When, if at all, is it reasonable to employ the word race, the word nation, the word tribe ? What collective term best describes, say, the Goths, the English, the Jews? What meaning does the concept “ethnic identity” ha...

allusion is one of the styles of covered expression, and is one of the basic elements of illustration in the history of vassāf. vāssaf al-hazrah tries to make the prose closer to the poetic prose and add to its effect by using expression elements and especially illusion. the lack of an edited copy of the history of vassāf and its obliged and created prose has been the reason that this work has ...

Word spotting is to make searchable unindexed image documents by locating word/words in a doc-ument image, given a query word. This problem is challenging, mainly due to the large numberof word classes with very small inter-class and substantial intra-class distances. In this paper, asegmentation-based word spotting method is presented for multi-writer Persian handwritten doc-...

Objectives: Stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. Symptomology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. Previous researches in English-speaking people have suggested that some linguistic features such as word meanings may play a role in the frequency of speech non...