Recently work on the grammar of spoken English has advanced through the use of large, general, and varied corpora of the language, including corpora of spoken discourse. Here I review the research that has been emerging from the availability of such corpora, much of it emphasizing the need for new ways of conceptualizing spoken grammar, to replace the traditional reliance on grammatical models ...

This study sought to test Robinson’s (1995, 2003b) cognition hypothesis by investigating the effects of cognitive task difficulty on ESL learners’ written and oral task performance. 1 Ten exchange students at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa were given four sets of picture-based narrative tasks: a simple writing task, a difficult writing task, a simple speaking task, and a difficult speaking ...

Pronunciation is essential to appropriate communication because the incorrect use ofpronunciation inevitably leads to the message being misunderstood by the receptor. In spite of itsimportance, L2 learners often regard pronunciation as the most difficult language skill to learn.In this study, shadowing as an act or task in pronunciation, in which the learner tracks the targetspeech and repeats ...

the first part of this article deals with isi’s journal selection policy. describing the importance of evaluation process as well as determining the status of iran in knowledge production in the areas of arts, humanities, social sciences, sciences, etc. and comparing it with the articles published throughout the world between 1993-2000 are the next two parts of this article. the results indicat...

This study investigated the effect of word order and age on the production and comprehension of pseudoclefts in L2 across two experiments. For each experiment 16 female students aged between 179 and 210 months were recruited from a secondary school. These students were divided into two groups based on their age range; one group for investigating the effect of word order and age on the productio...

Locative constructions, as an instance of double object constructions with various cognitive-linguistic concepts, have been successful in attracting the linguists. This paper tried to evaluate the acquisition of English locative constructions by Persian native speakers in the absence of negative evidence, focusing on the influence of L1 and participants’ proficiency level in the course of acqui...