In 2008, the American Academy of Dermatology began sponsoring North American dermatology residents to travel to Botswana in sub-Saharan Africa and spend 4 to 6 weeks working with the Botswana-UPenn Partnership, the Baylor International Pediatrics AIDS Initiative, Princess Marina Hospital, and surrounding smaller district hospitals. During their time in Botswana, the residents staff the busy out...

the main function of rural areas in the third world is the agricultural function which is crucially important because of its great effects on employment, moderating income and poverty, food security and self-efficacy. this article studies the role of agriculture (as an independent variable) in rural development (related variable) of miyankangi district in sistan. the method of the study was des...

for a long time, the concept of sustainability and unsustainability, the ways to assess them, and the factors involved in the process of various areas of scienc, especially the environmental ones. sustainability in rural areas as human settlements depends heavily on a series of factors including environmental and socio-economic factors. this paper aims at introducing fuzzy set theory and the ex...

PROBLEM Despite the Government's effort to expand services to district level, it is still hard for people living with HIV to access antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Zambia. Strong demands for expanding ART services at the rural health centre level face challenges of resource shortages. APPROACH The Mumbwa district health management team introduced mobile ART services using human resour...

BACKGROUND There are few epidemiologic data on invasive bacterial infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied every acute pediatric admission to a rural district hospital in Kenya to examine the prevalence, incidence, types, and outcome of community-acquired bacteremia. METHODS Between August 1998 and July 2002, we cultured blood on admission from 19,339 inpatients and calcula...

INTRODUCTION Due to the accelerating global epidemic of trauma, efficient and sustainable models of trauma care that fit low-resource settings must be developed. In most low-income countries, the burden of surgical trauma is managed by non-doctors at local district hospitals. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether it is possible to establish primary trauma surgical services of acceptable quali...

BACKGROUND Malawi introduced an ambitious public health program known as "Option B+" which provides all HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women with lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy, regardless of WHO clinical stage or CD4 cell count. The PMTCT Uptake and REtention (PURE) study aimed at evaluating the effect of peer-support on care-seeking and retention in care. METHODS/DESIG...

BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol use is a significant problem in rural and remote Australia. The factors contributing to patterns of alcohol use have not been adequately explained, yet the geographic variation in rates suggests a potential contribution of district-level factors, such as socio-economic disadvantage, rates of population change, environmental adversity, and remoteness from services/po...

The paper is an attempt to visualize a comparative view of rural and urban spatial patterns of beggars’ employment, variations in the level of their socio-economic status, and the relationship between their rate of employment with selected variables of socio-economic development in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary source of data, collected through the field surve...