PURPOSE To establish the strength of the association between routine tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and to determine whether they simulate the morphological and cytological changes that occur on the ocular surface in dry eye. What are the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of these tests when CIC is considered the gold standard? METHODS The...

BACKGROUND New-generation, orally administered cholera vaccines offer the promise of improved control of cholera in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in many cholera-affected African populations has raised doubts about the level of protection possible with vaccination. We evaluated a mass immunization program with recombinant choler...

Libraries of well-characterised components regulating gene expression levels are essential to many synthetic biology applications. While widely available for the Gram-negative model bacterium Escherichia coli, such libraries are lacking for the Gram-positive model Bacillus subtilis, a key organism for basic research and biotechnological applications. Here, we engineered a genetic toolbox compri...

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a betaretrovirus that infects rodent cells and uses mouse transferrin receptor 1 for cell entry. To characterize the interaction of MMTV with its receptor, we aligned the MMTV envelope surface (SU) protein with that of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MLV) and identified a putative receptor-binding domain (RBD) that included a receptor binding sequence (RBS) o...

The cell surfaces of two Chlamydia trachomatis serovars were explored by immune electron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies that recognize a number of chlamydial outer-membrane components. Species, subspecies and serovar-reactive epitopes on the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of a lymphogranuloma venereum biovar strain, L2/434/Bu, and a trachoma biovar strain, F/UW-6/Cx, were exposed on...

With the fast development of Internet of things (IoT), the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks need to provide massive connectivity of IoT devices and meet the demand for low latency. To satisfy these requirements, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been recognized as a promising solution for 5G networks to significantly improve the network capacity. In parallel with the development ...

OBJECTIVE Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is the most frequent disease among people from industrialized countries who travel to less developed ones, especially sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and South America. The most common bacteria causing TD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The WC/rBS cholera vaccine (Dukoral) has been shown to induce cross-protection against ETEC by means of the B s...

Failure of chemotherapy associated with expression of the multidrug resistance protein p170 frequently occurs in retinoblastoma (RB). Despite using cyclosporine, which inhibits p170 and improves our chemotherapy results, rare failures occur. In nonmetastatic primarily enucleated RBs, we show expression of p170 in 3 of 18 samples and expression of multidrug resistance protein (MRP), the second p...