In susceptible lepidopteran insects, aminopeptidase N and cadherin-like proteins are the putative receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Using phage display, we identified a key epitope that is involved in toxin-receptor interaction. Three different scFv molecules that bind Cry1Ab toxin were obtained, and these scFv proteins have different amino acid sequences in the complementary de...

The genetically modified (GM) maize event MON810 has been inserted with a processed version of the transgene, cry1Ab, derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to express proteins with insecticidal properties. Such proteins may introduce new allergens and also act as adjuvants that promote allergic responses. While focus has been on safe consumption and hence the oral exposure...

Large quantities of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn plant residue are left in the field after harvest, which may have implications for the soil ecosystem. Potential impacts on soil organisms will also depend on the persistence of the Bt toxin in plant residues. Therefore, it is important to know how long the toxin persists in plant residues. In two field studies in the temperate corn-growing r...

The behavior of pests targeted byBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops has been recognized as an important factor to deÞne resistance management plans. However, most data do not include the possible impact resistance may have on the behavior of pests. To examine whether resistance inßuences behavior of European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), neonates after exposure...

Baseline susceptibility to the Cry1Ab delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was determined for four populations of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) and two populations of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) from Spain. This study shows that S. nonagrioides is at least as susceptible as O. nubilalis to B. thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein. We found small differences in susceptibility among th...

BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are used worldwide in the control of different insect pests important in agriculture or in human health. The Cry proteins are pore-forming toxins that affect the midgut cell of target insects. It was shown that non-toxic Cry1Ab helix α-4 mutants had a dominant negative (DN) phenotype inhibiting the toxicity of wildtype Cry1Ab when used in equimolar o...

Tomanage insect resistance to transgenic crops that express insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends a refugebased insect resistance management strategy where a percentage of non-Bt (refuge) crop is grown in proximity to a Bt-expressing crop. An important requirement for this strategy is that the toxin exists at a high ...

A 6-year field monitoring study was designed to compare the presence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), leaf injury, its parasitoids, 100 seed weight, and yield Bt maize hybrids approved for commercialization in Brazilian market. Field trials were planted two municipalities, divided into periods, from 2011 2014 (period I), due approval different hybrids, 2015 2016 II). Treatm...

through an application of genetic engineering, genes from a soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) which confer resistance to pests were transferred into rice. successful employment of genetic engineering in traditional breeding programs is dependent upon stable transmission of transgene in transgenic varieties. three different segregating f2 populations were developed from a cross between ...