Available surfactants for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants are derived from animal lungs, which limits supply and poses a danger of propagating infectious material. Poly-Val-->poly-Leu analogs of surfactant protein (SP)-C can be synthesized in large quantities and exhibit surface activity similar to SP-C. Here, activity of synthetic surfactants containing a poly-Leu...

this study investigates the relationship between market structure and profitability in the iranian manufacturing industries. in this study, raw data based on international standard industrial classification (at four digit code) has been used. fixed effects panel estimation method (based on diagnostic test results) has been chosen for empirical investigation. the result of the study confirms the...

s tock returns of companies listed on the stock exchange is one of the most important criteria in assessing the macroeconomic. this study investigates the effect of exchange rate volatility on the stock exchange returns of d8 countries. it takes monthly data during the period (2008:1-2015:6) constituting 90 observations. at first we used panel-garch model to estimate exchange rate volatility in...

factor demand behavior such as energy demand has an important role in the economic analysis. this issue is a major concern in the developing countries (e.g. iran) which are benefited from vast energy resources. in this paper, the third generation of factor demand models is used to analyze the behavior of capital adjustment in the iranian manufacturing industries. the dataset covers the two-digi...

human capital has important role on economic growth. this factor can increase labor and capital productivity. it can increase capacity of new technology and reduce criminal participation and improve voters’ political behavior and migration of people with high human capital to another region has effects on region and spatial spillover on other regions. the present study aimed to analyze the dire...