An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile wireless devices that cooperate with each other to route packets amongst themselves. The main difficulty in designing routing algorithms for such a network is the large number of topology changes that the network undergoes due to device movement. Selective flooding is a routing technique that is more resilient to topology changes than traditional algo...

Designing efficient search algorithms is a key challenge in unstructured peer-to-peer networks. Flooding and random walk (RW) are two typical search algorithms. Flooding searches aggressively and covers the most nodes. However, it generates a large amount of query messages and, thus, does not scale. On the contrary, RW searches conservatively. It only generates a fixed amount of query messages ...

Searching efficiency is a decisive factor concerning scalability in large-scale peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems. While flooding is the most commonly used and user-performance oriented method to broadcast query across an unstructured P2P network, it generates a large number of redundant messages. Our study shows that more than 70% of messages are redundant using flooding in a moderately ...

A computer application and national geospatial database have been developed to support the calculation of flooding flow (Q f) and threshold runoff across the conterminous United States and Alaska. Flooding flow is the flow required to cause a stream to slightly overflow its bank and cause damage. Threshold runoff @L#, defined as the depth of runoff required to cause flooding, is computed as flo...

Many ad hoc routing algorithms rely on broadcast flooding for location discovery or more generally for secure routing applications, particularly when dealing with Byzantine threats. Flooding is a robust algorithm but, because of its extreme redundancy, it is impractical in dense networks. Indeed in large wireless networks, the use of flooding algorithms may lead to a broadcast storm in which th...

the performance of water flooding can be investigated by using either detail numerical modeling or simulation, or simply through the analytical buckley-leverett (bl) model. the buckley-leverett analytical technique can be applied to one-dimensional homogeneous systems. in this paper, the impact of heterogeneity on water flooding performance and fractional flow curve is investigated. first, a ba...

Crop productivity is largely affected by abiotic factors such as flooding and by biotic factors such as weeds. Although flooding after direct seeding of rice helps suppress weeds, it also can adversely affects germination and growth of rice, resulting in poor crop establishment. Barnyard grasses (Echinochloa spp.) are among the most widespread weeds affecting rice, especially under direct seedi...

Recently, nano-EOR has emerged as a new frontier for improved and enhanced oil recovery (IOR & EOR). Despite their benefits, the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate at reservoir conditions which cause their detachment from the oil/water interface, and are consequently retained rather than transported through a porous medium. Dielectric nanoparticles including ZnO have been proposed to be a good r...

Holdup was measured at various frequencies, amplitudes, continuous and dispersed phase flow rates for binary systems in a pulsed plate column capable of providing samples at various heights. The binary systems was so selected as to cover a wide spectrum of interfacial tensions. Dispersed phase holdup was found to increase with height in a logarithmic fashion at conditions away from the flooding...

Exotic plants and river regulation have changed riparian ecosystems throughout the south-western U.S. We compared litter dynamics at sites dominated by native cottonwoods or exotic saltcedar in the Middle Rio Grande Valley of central New Mexico. Litter production was greater at cottonwood sites and may have increased after experimental flooding in cottonwood but not in saltcedar. Decomposition ...