purpose: to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in the students of mashhad university of medical sciences, iran methods: in this cross-sectional study, we used cluster sampling for selecting participants from every department of mashhad university of medical sciences, proportional to the number of students in each department. each participant received refraction examination with an au...

purpose: to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and its determinants in tehran in 2002. methods: a total of 6497 citizens representing a cross-section of the population of tehran were sampled using a stratified random cluster sampling strategy. of these, 4565 (70.3%) subjects participated in the study and were transferred to a clinic for an extensive eye examination and in...

introduction: infertility is a major problem in today´s medicine. infertility is known a health indicator and the right to infertility treatment is part of millennium development goal. the present study aimed to determine the risk factors of infertility, in women referred to both public and private health centers in ilam. materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out among wome...

background : visual impairment is a very important public health problem. in iran, reports of visual impairment and blindness have been published from the urban population while the prevalence of visual impairment in the rural popu-lation has not been reported. the purpose of this study to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, in a rural population in district of based on ag...

purpose : to study the age and gender specific history of ocular trauma in the population of tehran methods : using a stratified cluster sampling approach, 6,497 residents of tehran were selected. participants were transferred to an eye clinic to have complete eye examinations. during the interview, participants were asked about any history of ocular trauma, and any treatment or hospitalization...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, and low vision among the elderly population of sari in northern iran methods : random cluster sampling of 1,185 selected individuals over 54 years of age, of whom 79.1% participated. participants underwent eye examinations to test presenting visual acuity (va), best corrected visual acuity (bcva), and refraction. results : b...

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Background and aims: The mortality rate for breast cancer is directly related to the stage of disease at diagnosis. The present study was aimed to determine the factors influencing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices in women with breast cancer and its screening methods. Methods: In a cross- sectional study, we evaluated 383 women who referred to healt...

the objective of the study was to evaluate the position of patient education measuring knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap) among health care workers (hcws). it is also aimed to emphasize the need for a real position for patient education. this survey was performed among a group of hcws in iran. the scores had an acceptable level. however, nurses, females and younger people received higher s...

We hypothesize that the perceived returns to human capital and to income uncertainty are important determinants of recent cross-sectional variation in Latin American fertility. An empirical study of cross-country individual level data supports the hypothesis. In particular, we find that a higher perceived return to human capital and higher income uncertainty both lead to higher fertility, all e...