The covariation of biodiversity with climate is a fundamental pattern in nature. However, despite the ubiquity of this relationship, a consensus on the ultimate cause remains elusive. The evolutionary speed hypothesis posits direct mechanistic links between ambient temperature, the tempo of micro-evolution and, ultimately, species richness. Previous research has demonstrated faster rates of mol...

The extension of Boltzmann-Gibbs thermostatistics, proposed by Tsallis, introduces an additional parameter q to the inverse temperature β. Here, we show that a previously introduced generalized Metropolis dynamics to evolve spin models is not local and does not obey the detailed energy balance. In this dynamics, locality is only retrieved for q=1, which corresponds to the standard Metropolis al...

Introduction: Although chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition characterized by numerous ankle sprains and the recurring sensation of ankle instability, which result in activity limitations and participation restrictions. Repetition based balance training protocols on type of the balance exercises may improve the deficits often associated with CAI. The objective of this study was to dete...

This paper provides the first systematic attempt to investigate the legislative impact of the Scottish Parliament on Executive legislation by analysing the fate of all amendments to Executive bills from the Parliament’s first session (1999-2003). Initial findings on the success of bill amendments show that the balance of power inclines strongly in favour of ministers. However, when we account f...

We propose an alternative way to evaluate ECAs, that is measurement of the agent’s influence on human relations. We applied the balance theory to the relationship between the agent and two people. We conducted an experiment to see the interaction between human relations and agent-human relations. The result of statistical and conversation analyses demonstrate that our evaluation method is usefu...

Theoretical analysis suggests that enlargement of a voting body may affect the balance of power between the original members even if their number of votes and the decision rule remain constant. Some of the existing voters may actually gain, a phenomenon known as the paradox of newmembers.We test for this effect using laboratory experiments. Participants propose and vote on how to divide a budge...

Power indices suggest that adding new members to a voting body may affect the balance of power between the original members even if their number of votes and the decision rule remain constant. Some of the original members may actually gain even if voters are bargaining over a fixed budget. We show that this phenomenon can occur as an equilibrium of a non-cooperative bargaining game based on the...

The paper presents a short characteristics of hyperbaric environment in which saturated divers are present with particular attention to the influence of thermalphysical properties. The above properties play the important part in the body's functions. They support the divers with comfort and security as well. On the example of a decompression chamber, chosen problems concerning thermal phenomena...