This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

Interlinear glossing is a type of annotation of morphosyntactic categories and crosslinguistic lexical correspondences that allows linguists to analyse sentences in languages that they do not necessarily speak. Automatising this annotation is necessary in order to provide glossed corpora big enough to be used for quantitative studies. In this paper, we present experiments on the automatic gloss...

We present an approach to syntax-based machine translation that combines uniication-style interpretation with statistical processing. This approach enables us to translate any Japanese newspaper article into English, with quality far better than a word-for-word translation. Novel ideas include the use of feature structures to encode word lattices and the use of uniication to compose and manipul...

One of the tasks language documenters face is that of assigning glosses to function morphemes, including affixes. These glosses are typically used in marking up interlinear text at a morpheme level. But without a morphological parser, marking up interlinear text is tedious and error-prone. Ideally, a parser will be guided not only by the form and syntagmatic properties of morphemes, but also by...

In this study, the researcher chose three different vocabulary techniques (Visual Representation, Textual Enhancement, and Glossing) and compared them with traditional method of teaching vocabulary. 80 advanced EFL Learners were assigned as four intact groups (three experimental and one control group) through using a proficiency test and a vocabulary test as a pre-test. In the visual group, stu...

This paper describes a system for morphological tagging and gloss-ing of Sesotho, a southern Bantu language. Sesotho has a rich agglu-tinative morphology, and morphemes cannot be disambiguated on the basis of the bigram or trigram statistics that work so well for languages like English. Our system estimates a simple PCFG for Sesotho clauses from a small hand-annotated corpus in an unsupervised ...

We present an approach to syntax-based machine translation that combines uniication-style interpretation with statistical processing. This approach enables us to translate any Japanese newspaper article into English, with quality far better than a word-for-word translation. Novel ideas include the use of feature structures to encode word lattices and the use of uniication to compose and manipul...