Rank # Genes Highest OR (L95-U95) Smallest P-value # Genes Highest OR (L95-U95) Smallest P-value # Genes Highest OR (L95-U95) Smallest P-value 1 IRAK1 0.70 (0.55-0.90) 0.006 IRAK1 0.73 (0.54-0.99) 0.042 IRAK1 0.50 (0.28-0.86) 0.013 2 MKK3 1.28 (1.10-1.50) 0.002 IRAKM 0.53 (0.31-0.90) 0.019 SIGIRR 0.54 (0.35-0.85) 0.008 3 ERK2 1.22 (1.05-1.42) 0.010 RIP1 1.49 (1.04-2.12) 0.012 TRAF6 0.65 (0.46-0...

Mutations in mexR yield a multidrug resistance phenotype in nalB mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a result of derepression of the mexAB-oprM multidrug efflux operon. MexR produced by several nalB strains carried single amino acid changes that compromised MexR stability or its ability to dimerize. Changes at residues L95 and R21, however, produced a stable MexR protein capable of dimerizatio...

We characterise the relationship between two network based oligopoly markets when local players share the interconnection’s ownership. To that purpose, we analyse the case of the Bacton (UK)-Zeebrugge (Belgium) natural gas pipeline using Vector Auto-regressive Representation techniques. We conclude that there is a threshold of capacity deployment after which the two local markets split. As a re...

I examine inefficiencies in Japanese water utility companies. Efficiency in this context is defined as a firm’s capacity to maximize output given a fixed level of inputs. The findings suggest that the average operation rate, customer density and size variables are associated with lower levels of inefficiency (or higher levels of efficiency), while water purification (a conditioning variable cap...

Yardstick regulation requires the utilization of benchmarking, a valuable tool for improving public service delivery, especially in developing countries where inefficiencies translate into negative health impacts and social unrest. However, benchmarking must account for both the cost and the quality of service. Using data from 38 Peruvian water utilities (1996 to 2001), the paper evaluates qual...

Historically, improvements in municipal water quality led to substantial mortality decline today’s wealthy countries. However, disinfection has not consistently produced large benefits lower-income We study this issue by analyzing a large-scale program Mexico that increased chlorination coverage urban areas from 58 percent over 90 within 18 months. estimate the reduced childhood diarrheal disea...

Concrete developed from light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and glass fiber has good performance, durability, sustainability. Towards this, the experimental investigation was designed to study cubes, cylinders, simply supported beams. Four mixtures had LECA volume of 0%, 75%, 85%, 95% as coarse replacement content 2% (N, L75, L85, L95), other two 75% 1% 1.5% (L75-F1 L75-F1.5). Results compared...

Natural gas power plants can further specify their procurement contracts with pipeline distributors using a firm contract option that guarantees delivery at an additional cost. Using transaction level data from 2008-2012 we empirically test what characteristics lead to use of firm contracts and how the premium for firm contracts changes with these characteristics. Using variation in power plant...

We estimate the price elasticity of water demand with household-level data, structurally modeling the piecewise-linear budget constraints imposed by increasing block pricing. We develop a mathematical expression for the unconditional price elasticity of demand under increasing block prices and compare conditional and unconditional elasticities analytically and empirically. We test the hypothesi...

In 2007, Germany changed network access regulation in the natural gas sector and introduced a so-called entry–exit system. The spot market effects of the reregulation remain to be examined. We use cointegration analysis and a state space model with time-varying coefficients to study the development of natural gas spot prices in the two major trading hubs in Germany and the interlinked spot mark...