the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (map) containing high carbon dioxide gas concentrations on the quality of sayer dates, to be used as a safe alternative to methyl bromide fumigation. different percentages of gases (85% co2 + 3% o2 + 12% n2; 75% co2 + 12% o2 + 13% n2; 34% co2 + 37% o2 + 29% n2) were injected into the cellophane packages. t...

Abstract The flavobacterium Shikimatogenerans and the alpha-proteobacterium Wolbachia both influence ecology evolution of sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis . Genome analyses, phylogenetic inference manipulation three-partite association revealed two very different ways supporting beetle’s establishment adaptation as a global storage pest: synthesis aromatic amino acid precursors...

The insecticidal activities of methanolic extracts two weedy plants leaves Bidens pilosa L. and Rumex dentatus at three different concentrations 3, 5 7% were tested against stored grain pests, Rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae Saw-toothed beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L., Bean Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, compared to Neem oil as a commercial product the same for exposure periods

One strategy that has been used to find germplasm for developing improved plant varieties is to test ancestral germplasm for the desired traits. Although the progenitors of commercial maize are not known, a hybrid (called Tripsacorn) developed from a perennial teosinte, Zea diploperennis, and eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides, resembles the earliest known samples of primitive domesticate...

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was tested under maximum challenge conditions with an estimated dose of 1.1 × 10 5 conidia/mm 2 for its effects on eggs of four of the major beetle pests of stored grain and grain products. When ambient relative humidity (RH) was 92%, hatch of fungus-treated Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) eggs was 13% versus 58% for control eggs, and hatch of treated Tri...

An indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the neogregarine Mattesia oryzaephili was developed with monoclonal antibodies. It was used to screen laboratory colonies of Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, C. pusillus, and C. turcicus from the United States, Canada, and Australia. All of the colonies except C. turcicus had larvae that test...

Under most conditions for the majority of species, carnitine would not be considered a vitamin as it is adequately synthesized in body tissues. However, the need for supplemental carnitine has been demonstrated in mammals in circumstances in which the biosynthesis is limited by nutritional deprivation of the precursor amino acids lysine and methionine. Dietary carnitine is essential for some in...