there are several techniques in use for non-linear refractive index measurement, namely, interferometric techniques, in which conventional inter-ferometers are used, degenerate for wave mixing (dfwm), and z-scan, each of these techniques suffers from some shortcmings. for example conventional interferometers like fabry-perot and twyman-green need high quality optical components, unwanted reflec...

A new laser differential confocal lens refractive index measurement is proposed, which uses the absolute zero of the differential confocal axial intensity curve to precisely identify the positions of the objective when the measurement pencil is focused on the vertex of the test lens and the reflector with or without the test lens in the measurement light-path, and then uses aberration compensat...

Determination of the refractive index of liquids by the interference microscope was made possible by the use of a specially constructed holder for the liquid. This ensures a permanent lateral separation between the reference and the object areas and, as the depth of the object area is continuously increasing, a system of fringes is observed. The spacing of the fringes is a function of the refra...

Accurate measurement and control of key parameters of droplets in the complex atomization or spray flow field play an instructive role in the mechanism study of multiphase flows and optimization of specific industrial process. Among numerous advanced optical measurement techniques for characterizing droplets, global rainbow refractometry is able to measure the size distribution and refractive i...

Tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) facilitates three-dimensional imaging of live cells based on quantitative measurement of the distribution of the refractive index, but without the need for specific staining. However, the limited imaging speed and the anisotropic resolution of the reconstructed refractive index map remain major obstacles to the extension and further application of TPM. To addr...