background: the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) in dentistry was fi rstdescribed in 1967, by shane and kessler, but it has yet to gain widespread acceptance in dentistry. a study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of tens therapy as an adjuvant modality and to compare it with the conventional medication in controlling pain in temporomandibular disorder (tmd) ...

background and objectives : temporomandibular disorder (tmd) refers to chronic pain of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) associated with headache, neck pain, shoulder pain or back pain. the origin of these pains may be related to tmd. many patients with chronic headache undergo different treatments for long periods of time with no cure. these headaches can be treated with proper diagnosis. this...

background: temporomandibular joint is one of the most complicated joints of the body and plays an important role in the head and neck system. one of the factors affecting the temporomandibular joint and lead to temporomandibular disorder is anxiety with all the events causing it. the aim of this study was to determine a relationship between anxiety and temporomandibular disorders. materials an...

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorder poses a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists as orofacial pain, headache and otology symptoms are very common in temporomandibular disorder, and mimic a number of otolaryngological conditions. Missed diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment, resulting in further patient suffering. OBJECTIVES To revie...

[Purpose] Temporomandibular disorder is one of the many different adverse health conditions that can be triggered by stress. Therefore, a biopsychosocial model has been proposed to characterize the multifactorial nature of temporomandibular disorder. The aim of the present study was investigate the correlation of salivary cortisol levels with the activities of the masseter and anterior temporal...

INTRODUCTION Temporomandibular disorder is an umbrella term for various clinical problems affecting the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint and associated structures. This disorder has a multifactor etiology, with oral parafunctional habits considered an important co-factor. Among such habits, sleep bruxism is considered a causal agent involved in the initiation and/or perpetuation ...

Pain in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint is the main symptom of temporomandibular disorders. The etiology of temporomandibular disorder pain is multifactorial. Several studies have reported that there are predisposing, initiating and aggravating factors contributing to this disorder. Although factors such as trauma, occlusal discrepancies, stress, parafunctions, hypermobility...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorders are common in general population and their etiology is also linked to psychological factors. Cortisol is a hormone the secretion of which may be increased during emotional changes. This study aimed at evaluating the presence of depression and saliva cortisol levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders. METHODS: Participated in the r...

introduction: temporomandibular disorders (tmd) lead to masticatory muscle pain, jaw movement disability and limitation in mouth opening. pain is the chief complaint in 90% of the tmd patients which leads to disability and severe socioeconomic costs. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of low level laser therapy (lllt) compared to pharmacotherapy with nsaids (napro...

The purpose of this article is to review imaging diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders. A variety of diseases affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) causes changes in articular entities including both hard as well as soft tissue component of TMJ. A radiological examination is an essential part of the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular joint disorder. Accurate evaluation...