Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and...

Air pollution is the major concern and challenge of Tehran urban areas’ management. Various rules, regulation, and laws had been codifiesd on this matter. In present research, the enforcement of laws and regulation concerning air pollution in the field of land-use and transportation is being addressed. The purpose of this article is to suggest an applicable (applied) framework embracing a descr...

Necroptosis, as a novel concept, has been recently introduced in scientific literature. Much of our knowledge about necroptosis comes from ligation of tumor necrosis factor-α to its receptor, TNF receptor 1. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and its substrate, the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, have been comprehensively st...

With the advent of globalization, especially in its third phase (see Robertson, 2003), global relations of domination have undermined abuse of power at national and local levels (Fairclough, 2001). Global ELT textbooks, as corollaries of the globalization process, are not immune to the embedment of discriminatory discourses, as various studies have shown (see for example, Gray, 2010, 2012; Baba...

this study takes a critical discourse analysis approach to investigate the linguistic representation of male and female social actors and construction of gender identities in the interchange third edition. the analytical models used are van leeuwen's (1996) framework and halliday's transitivity model (halliday & matthiessen, 2004). the findings of this study indicated a differential represe...

This paper looks at the organising of work, as in who does what, when and how. We explore the relationship between work as situated action on the one hand and unfolding within the confines of stable social structures on the other. Being an underdeveloped topic of research, we analyse how more stable structures of work are being produced. By conceptualising the organising of work as a special ca...

This essay asks what firms are, whether they are ‘real’ social actors, and whether their actions can be traced without remainder to the actions of living people or whether there is some irreducible aspect of their existence or operation that must be attributed to the organization itself. It describes firms as ongoing, multilateral relational contracts from whose operation – that is, from perfor...

Computer graphics (CG) and animation are reaching previously unparalleled levels. They are now virtually ubiquitous in most visual media; so much so that the general audience is starting to develop a blasé attitude towards them. For example, nowadays only the most extensive computer graphics and animation efforts in movies manage to draw any admiration from the viewer. Computer animation in TV ...

Negotiation is the process through which two or more autonomous actors (or agents) arrive at a mutually agreeable course of action. In the context of software systems, the need for negotiation stems from increased software modularity and increased autonomy of the resulting modules. Modules can consist of third-party (web) services or more sophisticated software agents. We shall use the term “ac...