The purpose of the present study is to examine the dynamic long run and the short run relationship between stock price and a set of macroeconomic variables for Indian economy using monthly data from April 2004 to July 2014. The long run relationship is examined by implementing the ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration. VECM method is used to test the short and long run causality and Va...

The increase in agricultural production has become a global issue related to food security. Indonesia faces challenges fulfilling its needs. Climate change, land conversion, and industrialization play role crop production. This study aims examine the short-term long-term effects of climate on index. analysis method used is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). ARDL was chosen because it can ex...

This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption, income and foreign trade in the case of China by employing time series data of 1975–2005. In particular the study aims at testing whether environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and per capita real GDP holds in the long run or not. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) me...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between carbon emissions, income, energy and total employment in selected OPEC countries for the period of 1971–2002. We mainly focus on the link between energy use and income. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, we find that there is a cointegrating relationship between the variables in Saudi Arabia only. The long run for...

This paper examines the long run cointegrating relation and short run dynamics among carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, financial development and openness to trade in Bangladesh by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration. Empirical results for Bangladesh over the period 1975-2010 suggest an evidence of a long-run rel...

BACKGROUND Injuries and deaths from road traffic crashes are one of the main public health problems throughout the world. This study aimed to identify determinants of fatality traffic accident in Iran for the twenty-span year from 1991 to 2011. METHODS A time series analysis (1991-2011) was used to examine the effects of some of the key explanatory factors (GDP per capita, number of doctors p...

This study tries to answer the question, “has macroeconomic instability detrimental impact on gross domestic product of Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2012?” For reviewing macroeconomic instability a comprehensive macroeconomic instability index is constructed by incorporating inflation rate, unemployment rate, trade deficit and budget deficit. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model h...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on economic growth after Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Pakistan. In doing so, study utilizes the quarterly time series data from 1990 to 2007. Advanced Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) approach has been employed for co-integration and error correction model (ECM) for short-run results in the case of Pakista...