Recently, the block-pulse functions (BPFs) are used in solving electromagnetic scattering problem, which are modeled as linear Fredholm integral equations (FIEs) of the second kind. But the theoretical aspect of this method has not fully investigated yet. In this article, in addition to presenting a new approach for solving FIE of the second kind, the theory of both methods is investigated as a...

A nonlinear chattering-free sliding mode control method is designed to stabilize fractional chaotic systems with model uncertainties and external disturbances. The main feature of this controller is rapid convergence to equilibrium point, minimize chattering and resistance against uncertainties. The frequency distributed model is used to prove the stability of the controlled system based on dir...

By using the trigonometric uniform splines of order 3 with a real tension factor, a numericalmethod is developed for solving a linear second order boundary value problems (2VBP) withDirichlet, Neumann and Cauchy types boundary conditions. The moment at the knots isapproximated by central finite-difference method. The order of convergence of the methodand the theory is illustrated by solving tes...

We study the space of all continuous fuzzy-valued functions  from a space $X$ into the space of fuzzy numbers $(mathbb{E}sp{1},dsb{infty})$  endowed with the pointwise convergence topology.   Our results generalize the classical ones for  continuous real-valued functions.   The field of applications of this approach seems to be large, since the classical case  allows many known devices to be fi...

The classical ergodic theory hasbeen built on σ-algebras. Later the Individual ergodictheorem was studied on more general structures like MV-algebrasand quantum structures. The aim of this paper is to formulate theIndividual ergodic theorem for intuitionistic fuzzy observablesusing  m-almost everywhere convergence, where  m...

Introduction of digital technologies, telecommunications deregulation and significant advances in broadband networking are fueling convergence of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), PC-based enterprise data networks and the Internet. Only a few years ago, computing, telecommunications, broadcasting and media were completely separate industries each following distinct business logic an...

It's not surprisingly when entering this site to get the book. One of the popular books now is the convergence theory of feasible direction methods. You may be confused because you can't find the book in the book store around your city. Commonly, the popular book will be sold quickly. And when you have found the store to buy the book, it will be so hurt when you run out of it. This is why, sear...

In [9] we introduced a new framework for asymptotic probabilities. in which a r i-add~t~ve measure is defined on the sample space of all sequences A =< dl.d?. . d, > of finite models. where the uniberse of sf,, is { I . 2. ...n ) . In this framework we Investigated the strong 0-1 law for sentences. whlch states that each sentence either holds in d,, eventually almost surely or fails In d,, even...

The paper investigates the optimization of additively decomposable functions (ADF) by a new evolutionary algorithm called Factorized Distribution Algorithm (FDA). FDA is based on a factorization of the distribution to generate search points. First separable ADFs are considered. These are mapped to generalized linear functions with metavariables deened for multiple alleles. The mapping transform...