Contention is the main source of burst loss in Optical Burst Switched (OBS) networks where deflection routing is one of the methods to resolve contention. Deflection routing requires enhancements only in the routing software without additional hardware installations. Its main goal is to successfully deflect a burst based only on a limited knowledge that nodes posses about their environment. In ...

An idea for enabling all-optical packet switched networks is to use deflection routing together with erasure recovery coding at the packet level. Deflection routing has been generally considered in the past only in highly structured networks. The purpose of this paper is to report results of a simulation experiment to evaluate several topology-based routing algorithms for deflection routing in ...

We improve the precision of the interferometric weak-value-based beam deflection measurement by introducing a power recycling mirror, creating a resonant cavity. This results in all the light exiting to the detector with a large deflection, thus eliminating the inefficiency of the rare postselection. The signal-to-noise ratio of the deflection is itself magnified by the weak value. We discuss w...

Introduction: It is believed that Locus Coeruleus (LC) influences the sensory information processing. However, its role in cortical surround inhibitory mechanism is not understood. In this experiment, using controlled mechanical displacement of whiskers; we investigated the effect of phasic electrical stimulation of LC on response of layer V barrel cortical neurons in anesthetized rat. Methods:...

This research shows a novel method for hazard identification of a chemical and UV light on a single cell level with a laser probe beam. The laser probe beam was passed through interface of cell membrane/culture medium of a cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. Deflection of the laser probe beam, which was induced by changes in concentration gradients due to the active materials movemen...

Needle insertion into soft tissue is one of the most common medical interventions. This study provides macroscopic and microscopic observations of needle-gel interactions. A gelatin mixture is used as a soft-tissue simulant. For the macroscopic studies, system parameters, such as insertion velocity, needle diameter, gel elasticity, needle tip shape (including bevel angle) and insertion motion p...

Within the rat whisker-to-barrel pathway, local circuits in cortical layer IV are more sensitive to the initial timing of deflection-evoked thalamic responses than to the total number of spikes comprising them. Because thalamic response timing better reflects whisker deflection velocity than amplitude, cortical neurons are more responsive to the former than the latter. The aim of this study is ...

In this work we study the OSPF protocol focussing our attention on the multi-area architecture. The target of the work is to model the multi-area OSPF and to analyze the complexity it introduces in the intra-domain routing. To make this we propose a model of the OSPF protocol. The aims of the model is to discover the routing choices performed by the routers without reproducing the exchange of i...

A new two-step theory is investigated for predicting the deflection and slope of an entire structure using strain measurements at discrete locations. In the first step, a measured strain is fitted using a piecewise least-squares curve fitting method together with the cubic spline technique. These fitted strains are integrated twice to obtain deflection data along the fibers. In the second step,...

aim: the aim of this study was to compare cusp deflection, infraction and fracture in teeth filled with three temporary filling materials. materials & method: forty five extracted human premolar teeth were chosen. after root canal therapy and mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparation, samples were randomly divided into three groups , each contained 15 teeth and filled with three temporary filling...