Suppose that $A$ is a semi-simple and commutative Banach algebra. In this paper we try to characterize the character space of the Banach algebra $C_{rm{BSE}}(Delta(A))$ consisting of all  BSE-functions on $Delta(A)$ where $Delta(A)$ denotes the character space of $A$. Indeed, in the case that $A=C_0(X)$ where $X$ is a non-empty locally compact Hausdroff space, we give a complete characterizatio...

We describe the emergence of topological singularities in periodic media within Ginzburg-Landau model and core-radius approach. The energy functionals both models are denoted by $E_{\varepsilon,\delta}$, where $\varepsilon$ represent coherence length (in model) or size approach) $\delta$ denotes periodicity scale. carry out $\Gamma$-convergence analysis $E_{\varepsilon,\delta}$ as $\varepsilon\...

We present a phenomenological study of stock price fluctuations of individual companies. We systematically analyze two different databases covering securities from the three major U.S. stock markets: (a) the New York Stock Exchange, (b) the American Stock Exchange, and (c) the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation stock market. Specifically, we consider (i) the trades a...

Motivated by the heat flow and bubble analysis of biharmonic mappings, we study further regularity issues fourth order Lamm–Rivière system $$\begin{aligned} \Delta ^{2}u=\Delta (V\cdot \nabla u)+\mathrm{div}(w\nabla u)+(\nabla \omega +F)\cdot u+f \end{aligned}$$ in dimension four, with an inhomogeneous term f which belongs to some natural function space. We obtain optimal higher sharp Hölder co...

This paper introduces adaptive fuzzy equalizers with variable step size for broadband power line (PL) communications. Based on delta-bar-delta and local Lipschitz estimation updating rules, feedforward, and decision feedback approaches, we propose singleton and nonsingleton fuzzy equalizers with variable step size to cope with the intersymbol interference (ISI) effects of PL channels and the ha...

We present a piecewise linear switch which faithfully represents the e ect of certain protein concentrations on others, in a biological control mechanism for cell di erentiation known as Delta-Notch signaling. This switch is shown to be a good approximation to the Hill Equation and sigmoid switching curve, which are widely accepted models for biological switches. In addition, the switch allows ...

We propose a new method to calculate expectation values of a delta function of the Hamiltonian, Ψ | δ(ˆ H − E) | Ψ. Since the delta function can be replaced with a Gaussian function, we evaluate Ψ | β π e −β(ˆ H−E) 2 | Ψ with large β adopting the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition. Errors of the approximate calculations with the finite Trotter number N t are estimated to be O(1/N K t) for the Kth-ord...

A hybrid flow shop (HFS) is a generalized flow shop with multiple machines in some stages. HFS is fairly common in flexible manufacturing and in process industry. Because manufacturing systems often operate in a stochastic and dynamic environment, dynamic hybrid flow shop scheduling is frequently encountered in practice. This paper proposes a neural network model and algorithm to solve the dyna...