Forming expectations about the outcome of an action is an important prerequisite for action control and reinforcement learning in the human brain. The medial frontal cortex (MFC) has been shown to play an important role in the representation of outcome expectations, particularly when an update of expected outcome becomes necessary because an error is detected. However, error detection alone is ...

Absnuct-For entropy-coded MPEG2 video frames, a transmission error will not only affect the underlying codeword but also may affect subsequent codewords, resulting in a great degradation of the received video frames. In this study, transmission errors in MPEG2 video frames are first detected and located by the error detection scheme proposed by Shyu and Leou 161, and then the corrupted blocks a...

background: medication errors due to different reasons may alter the outcome of all patients, especially patients with drug poisoning. we introduce one of the most common type of medication error in the present article. case: a 48 year old woman with suspected organophosphate poisoning was died due to lethal medication error. unfortunately these types of errors are not rare and had some prevent...

BACKGROUND Two distinctly different types of measurement error are Berkson and classical. Impacts of measurement error in epidemiologic studies of ambient air pollution are expected to depend on error type. We characterize measurement error due to instrument imprecision and spatial variability as multiplicative (i.e. additive on the log scale) and model it over a range of error types to assess ...

R. Razavi, M. Fleury and M. Ghanbari By selecting from Bluetooth’s Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) packet types according to channel conditions, optimal data-rates are approached, especially if Forward Error Control (FEC) is extended to EDR. This Letter presents correct calculation of these packet types, which also accounts for Double Adjacent Error Correction (DAEC) in addition to conventional Single...

This study investigated the effects of two types of written feedback – direct corrective feedback (DCF) and metalinguistic explanation (ME) - on Iranian EFL learners’ implicit and explicit knowledge of English definite and indefinite articles. Assigned to three groups of DCF, ME, and control groups, the participants took four tests in three testing phases: pretest, posttest, and delayed posttes...

the log damage and value loss were examined by felling and bucking function, species, and damage type, in kheyrud forest in namkhaneh district in the hyrcanian forest of iran. in order to calculate the wood value following tree felling and bucking, 250 trees and 167 logs consisting of beech and hornbeam species were measured. there were five types of damage recorded following the tree felling o...

the present study-both qualitative and quantitative--explored fifty efl learners’ preferences for receiving error feedback on different grammatical units as well as their beliefs about teacher feedback strategies. the study also examined the effect of the students’ level of writing ability on their views about the importance of teacher feedback on different error types. data was gathered throug...