Green sulfur bacteria are obligate photolithoautotrophs that require highly reducing conditions for growth and can utilize only a very limited number of carbon substrates. These bacteria thus inhabit a very narrow ecologic niche. However, several green sulfur bacteria have overcome the limits of immobility by entering into a symbiosis with motile Betaproteobacteria in a type of multicellular as...

AIMS The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the benefits and challenges when undertaking research across several countries comprising diverse ethnic, lingual and historically different communities. METHODS Literature review and experiences of the researchers who participated in the Students' Health Inquiry, as regards the benefits and the challenges that can emerge when conducting ...

This study reveals the processes through which firms can cope with sources of failure in R&D consortia in emerging high-tech markets. We use a single case design, focusing on mobile service development to investigate the value-creating and value-dissipating activities in a R&D consortium. We collected longitudinal data on the collaborative processes in the alliance through semi-structured inter...

Exceeding nitrogen discharge into natural water bodies can lead to eutrophication in natural aquatic environments, as well as the decline in shellfish habitat and aquatic plant life. Currently, bacterial biological treatment process is the most common process employed in wastewater treatment plants, which requires extensive oxygen. The large demand for oxygen provided by mechanical aeration is ...

The importance of drug as a valuable export product in the global economy becomes more clear every day. Understanding the problems of exports and factors affecting it, can be an important step to keep Iran’s position in the world markets and further export development of this product.In this study, Iranian pharmaceutical exports’ supply and demand functions were calculated using co-integration ...

The ability of selected bacterial strains and consortia to mineralize degradation intermediates produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium from 14C-labeled synthetic lignins was studied. Three different molecular weight fractions of the intermediates were subjected to the action of the bacteria, which had been grown on a lignin-related dimeric compound. Two consortia isolated from wood being decay...