We consider a special case of the general problem involving the routing of packages among vehicles in transportation networks. In this special case, the schedules of the vehicles are xed and packages are routed by transferring them between vehicles as these vehicles make stops according to their xed schedules. Since this problem is NP-Complete, we explore approximation algorithms for its soluti...

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides wireless and mobile communication between vehicles and infrastructure to improve the safety of transportation and make the journey more enjoyable. This system consists of many fixed and mobile nodes (Vehicles, Trains, Vessels, Air planes), Wireless and Wired Telecommunication Technologies to exchange information between mobile nodes or betwee...

In biomolecule mass spectrometry, peptides are usually ionized by an acidic solvent or matrix. It is generally accepted that the mobilization of attached protons weakens backbone bonds and facilitates peptide fragmentation. While this is often advantageous, it can lead to a multiplicity of fragment ions (both N-terminal an, bn and C-terminal yn ions). Formation of too many types of fragment ion...

electrostatic potential as well as the local volume charge density are computed for a macromolecule by solving the poisson-boltzmann equation (pbe) using the finite element method (fem). as a verification, our numerical results for a one dimensional pbe, which corresponds to an infinite-length macromolecule, are compared with the existing analytical solution and good agreement is found. as a ma...