L-type Ca2+ channel currents were recorded from myocytes isolated from bovine pial and porcine coronary arteries to study the influence of changes in intracellular pH (pHi). Whole cell ICa fell when pHi was made more acidic by substituting HEPES/NaOH with CO2/bicarbonate buffer (pHo 7.4, 36 degrees C), and increased when pHi was made more alkaline by addition of 20 mM NH4Cl. Peak ICa was less p...

Blockade of phagocytosis and selective elimination of macrophages (m phi s) are generally accepted procedures for gaining knowledge about the function of m phi s in vivo. This study demonstrates that intravenous injection of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) not only blocks phagocytosis by rat liver m phi s (Kupffer cells) but also selectively eliminates the large m phi s situated in the periportal z...

A new N-dimensional vector space of DNA sequences over the Galois field of the 64 codons (GF(64)) was recently presented. Now, in order to include deletions and insertions (indel mutations), we have defined a new Galois field over the set of elements X1X2X3 (C125), where Xi belong to {O, A, C, G, C}. We have called this set, the extended triplet set and the elements X1X2X3, the extended triplet...

BACKGROUND Spot checks are becoming a popular method to assess hygiene behaviours; however, little is known about their repeatability or predictability. We evaluated the within-household repeatability of hygiene indices created from spot checks and their ability to predict incidence of diarrhoea in young Guatemalan children. METHODS We observed hygiene behaviours in 588 households in four rur...

We motivate and define $$\Phi $$ -energy density, -energy, -harmonic maps stable maps. Whereas harmonic or p-harmonic can be viewed as critical points of the integral first symmetric function $$\sigma _1$$ a pull-back tensor, second _2$$ tensor. By an extrinsic average variational method in calculus variations [cf. Howard Wei (Trans Am Math Soc 294:319–331, 1986), Yau (J Geom Anal 4(2):247–272,...

The interaction between phytochrome photoequilibrium (phi) and photon flux in the photoregulation of anthocyanin production under prolonged irradiation was studied in seedlings of Brassica oleracea L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. In cabbage, anthocyanin production increases with decreasing phi, reaching a maximum at the lowest value (phi = 0.13) used in this study; in tomato, the extent of...