Multiphoton microscopy is the current method of choice for in vivo deep-tissue imaging. The long laser wavelength suffers less scattering, and the 3D-confined excitation permits the use of scattered signal light. However, the imaging depth is still limited because of the complex refractive index distribution of biological tissue, which scrambles the incident light and destroys the optical focus...

Animal models can be used in the study of disease. This chapter discusses imaging animal models to elucidate the process of human disease. The mouse is used as the primary model. Though this choice simplifies many research choices, it necessitates compromises for in vivo imaging. In the future, we can expect improvements in both animal models and imaging techniques.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels. Many laboratories have focused their efforts on identification and development of fluorescent proteins with novel characteristics and enhanced properties, resulting in a powerful toolkit for visualization of struct...

hydrogel based metronidazole bioadhesive tablet (hmbt) was prepared as a novel vaginal delivery system to achieve controlled release of drug from the tablet for vaginal candidiasis. the highly swollen hydrogel were prepared by dissolving chitosan in acetic acid solution containing drug, followed by neutralisation with sodium hydroxide and characterized by sem, dsc and ft-ir and evaluated for % ...

introduction: delivering maximum dose to tumor and minimum dose to normal tissues is the most important goal in radiotherapy. according to icru, the maximum acceptable uncertainty in the delivered dose compared to the prescribed dose should be lower than 5%, and this is because of the relationship between absorbed dose, tumor control and normal tissue damage. absorbed dose accuracy is investiga...

A rare subpopulation of cancer cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) have distinct characteristics resembling stem cells, including cell renewal capability, differentiation into multiple lineages, and endless proliferation potential. Cumulating evidence has revealed that CSCs are responsible for tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Despite continued investigation ...