This paper presents techniques to guide equational reasoning in a goal directed way. Suggested by rippling methods developed in the eld of inductive theorem proving we use annotated terms to represent syntactical diierences of formulas. Based on these annotations and on hierarchies of function symbols we deene diierent abstractions of formulas which are used for planning of proofs. Rippling tec...

background: this study aimed to investigate and compare the bacterial safety of handmade and commercial ready‑to‑use enteral feeding formulas used in an iranian teaching hospital. methods: in this experimental study, a total number of 70 samples (21 handmade formulas sampled at two sampling times, i.e. the time of preparation and 18 h after preparation, and 28 commercial ready‑to‑use formulas) ...

Mitchell and Ternovska [49, 50] propose a constraint programming framework for search problems that is based on classical logic extended with inductive definitions. They formulate a search problem as the problem of model expansion (MX). In this framework, the problem is encoded in a logic, an instance of the problem is represented by a finite structure, and a solver generates solutions to the p...

Ngcibi, Murali and Makamba [Fuzzy subgroups of rank two abelian$p$-group, Iranian J. of Fuzzy Systems {bf 7} (2010), 149-153]considered the number of fuzzy subgroups of a finite abelian$p$-group $mathbb{Z}_{p^m}times mathbb{Z}_{p^n}$ of rank two, andgave explicit formulas for the cases when $m$ is any positiveinteger and $n=1,2,3$. Even though their method can be used for thecases when $n=4,5,l...

The design and implementation of parametric systems can be very tricky even for experienced researchers. We describe an interactive system — Ivy — for interactively verifying parameterized systems. Ivy is based on the following principles: (i) Ivy first attempts to locate counterexamples by bounding the number of protocol actions and symbolically searching for (unbounded) bad inputs. (ii) Invar...

fatty acids play important roles in biological systems and the newborns fatty acids requirements are covered only by the milk. it is of particular interest to qualify the content of the fatty acids in the milk. this study was performed to determine the levels of some fatty acids in the infant formulas and also to describe a method without derivatization for the fatty acids analysis and applying...

Reducing waste material plays an essential role for engineers in the current world. Nowadays, recycled materials are going to be used in order to manufacture concrete beams. Previous studies concluded that the currently proposed formulas to predict the flexural and shear behavior of the reinforced concrete beams were not appropriate for those manufactured by recycled materials. This study aims ...

Sahlqvist correspondence theory [3], [4] is one of the most important and useful results of classical modal logic. It gives a syntactic identification of a class of modal formulas whose associated normal modal logics are strongly complete with respect to elementary (i.e. first-order definable) classes of frames. Every Sahlqvist formula is both canonical and corresponds to some elementary frame ...