the food chain refers to a natural system by which energy is transmitted from one organism to another. in fact, a food chain consists of producers, consumers and decomposition. presence of complex food web increase the stability of the ecosystem. classical food chain theory arises from lotka-volterra model. in the present paper, the dynamics behavior of three level food chain is studied. a syst...

This paper investigates consensus problems for continuous-time multiagent systems with time-varying communication graphs subject to input noise. Based on input-to-state stability and integral input-to-state stability, robust consensus and integral robust consensus are defined with respect to L∞ and L1 norms of the noise function, respectively. Sufficient and/or necessary connectivity conditions...

Recently path integral methods have been developed for stochastic optimal control for a wide class of models with non-linear dynamics in continuous space-time. Path integral methods find the control that minimizes the expected cost-to-go. In this paper we show that under the same assumptions, path integral methods generalize directly to risk sensitive stochastic optimal control. Here the method...

Integral surfaces are ideal tools to illustrate vector fields and fluid flow structures. However, these surfaces can be visually complex and exhibit difficult geometric properties, owing to strong stretching, shearing and folding of the flow from which they are derived. Many techniques for non-photorealistic rendering have been presented previously. It is, however, unclear how these techniques ...

We classify all strong interaction contributions to all four-lepton processes through one loop in electroweak SU2 x VI and to all orders in strong interactions. We show that those parts which are not reliably calculated in perturbative QCD are all related to a certain integral over the total cross section for e+e+ hadrons at low energies. We evaluate this integral for the most recent data and f...

This paper presents an ordered sorting procedure based on the Choquet integral as a discriminant function. It uses information provided by the Decision Maker (dm) in terms of a set of prototypes (alternatives well-known to the dm). The capacities of the Choquet integral are assessed through the solving of a linear program or a quadratic program. An interpretation of the results is provided by m...

This paper presents the Thomas-Fermi approach generalized to consider the particle correlations in many-body systems with non-Coulomb interaction potentials. The key points of the generalization consist in using integral formulation and extracting the pair distribution function. The latter has been found to obey the integral equation which, in the classical limit, is reduced to the well-known e...

Consider a coil above a conducting plate. The interaction between the probe-coil and the plate is modeled by a quasi-static approximation of Maxwell’s equations: the eddy current model. The associated electromagnetic transmission boundary-value problem can be solved by the integral equations method. However, the discretization of integral operators gives dense, complex and ill-conditioned linea...

Building on the Renormalization Group (RG) method the beam-beam interaction in circular colliders is studied. A regularized symplectic RG beam-beam map, that describes successfully the long-time asymptotic behavior of the original system has been obtained. The integral of motion possessed by the regularized RG map has been used to construct the invariant phase space density (stationary distribu...