yazd province is one of the most arid regions of iran and its agriculture particularly pistachio cultivation depends on groundwater resources. in the recent decades, natural factors (drought and severe evaporation) and human activities (over- exploitation of groundwater) caused a sharp decline in the quality and quantity of groundwater in this province. in the present study, the spatial and tem...

due to increasing importance of desertification challenges and its consequences the necessity of sustainabledevelopment achievement in arid and semi-arid regions is essential in order to avoid limited sources asting, increase the efficiency of controlling, reclamation and restoration projects of natural areas. based on the iterature review, it has been recognized that combating desertification ...

BACKGROUND Visual impairment is a very important public health problem. In Iran, reports of visual impairment and blindness have been published from the urban population while the prevalence of visual impairment in the rural population has not been reported. The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, in a rural population in district of based on age a...

PURPOSE The prevalence of astigmatism, and the astigmatic axis, and their determinants were evaluated in a rural population of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2011, 13 villages in the vicinity of the city of Khaf in northeast Iran were investigated in this study. All the examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicrosco...

The reliability and validity of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was assessed in a sample of Iranian hypertensive patients. In this multi-center study which lasted from August to October 2014, a total of 200 patients who were suffering from hypertension (HTN) and were taking anti-hypertensive medication(s) were included. The cases were accessed through private and universi...

long-term exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is associated with several adverse effects on human including dental and skeletal fluorosis. we studied all the groundwater wells located in rural areas of khaf city, razavi province, northeastern iran between 2009 and 2010. fluoride concentration of water samples was measured by spadns method. we found that in rural areas the fluoride conce...