Today, large knowledge bases are developed collaboratively and in an incremental manner. Often the engineering starts with the collection and organization of informal elements, that are subsequently refined into explicit knowledge. Due to the size of knowledge bases and the collaborative setting, the analysis of the current development progress becomes an important issue. The results of that an...

In recent years, the knowledge engineering community has begun to explore formal specification languagesas a tool in the development of knowledgebased systems. These formal knowledge modelling languages have a number of advantages over informal languages, such as their precise meaning and the possibility to derive properties through formal proofs. However, these formal languages also suffer fro...

After noting that informal documents and formal knowledge bases are far from ideal for discussing or retrieving technical knowledge, we propose mechanisms to support the sharing, re-use and cooperative update of semi-formal semantic networks, assign values to contributions and credits to the contributors. We then propose ontological elements to guide and normalize the construction of such knowl...

Abstract A second language can be learned inside and outside the classroom. In this study we investigated English French vocabulary knowledge of 110 Dutch-speaking children (age 10–12), who received 100 hours instruction in French, whereas their contact with came from out-of-school exposure only. We examined role individual differences (out-of-school gender) word-related variables (cognateness,...