the present study attempts to investigate parsing preferences (early vs. late closure) of native and l2 learners of both english and persian when they read ambiguous relative clauses. the purpose is to find out if l2 learners process l2 linguistic input in the way monolingual speakers of that language do. the participants took tests including 10 test sentences plus 10 distractors, each followed...

As the development of China from last century, learning English has been valued because its significance in global interaction. In China, it is not uncommon for primary schools to teach with aid Chinese. this paper, author illustrates benefits applying first language (L1) learn second (L2) school China. Both personal experiences and main concepts field are employed support investigation. Furthe...

Adult second language (L2) learners are faced with a particular challenge relative to child L2 learners—adults arrive at the language learning situation with a fully-formed and ingrained first language (L1) system in place. As a result, adult learners are particularly influenced by the transfer of information from L1 to L2 (e.g., MacWhinney, 2005). Although transfer assists learning in some dom...

In the current study, hand motions captured by a mousetracking system were used to index listener’s cognitive processes while making commitments to different choice alternatives during the processing of English passive and active structures. Fifty-seven second language (L2) speakers and 19 first language (L1) speakers of English carried out an aural forced-choice picture identification task com...

This review aimed at presenting the findings of 19 original studies that were published in period from 2000 to 2022 order outline current state art field emotion communication (i.e., expressing and interpreting emotions) multilingual psychotherapy. analysis involves particular investigate phenomena (e.g., code-switching language-mixing) occur during psychotherapeutic sessions when client therap...

Teaching English in the context of foreign language needs vigorous efforts and strong commitment, especially for non-native English-speaking teachers to maintain professionalism achieve success learning language. Generally, it is believed that a teacher should be model learners by providing great deal input target applying L2 only policy. However, some finally decide use their first (L1) or mix...

The use of language as a universal tool for communication and interaction is the backbone human society. General sociocultural milieu specific contextual factors can strongly influence various aspects linguistic experience, including acquisition respective internal neurolinguistic processes. This particularly relevant in case bilingualism, which encompasses diverse set experiences, greatly infl...

Research on first language (L1) acquisition has shown that typically developing children acquire a large part of morpho-syntax by the age of 4 (Guasti, 2002). Similarly, studies investigating how children process morpho-syntactic information have revealed that by the same age, their processing routines do not differ from those used by adults (Clahsen & Felser, 2006). However, there is one struc...