Microbes in activated sludge tanks mostly occur in flocs rather than in cell suspensions. Flocculation results in a limited supply of substrate to the bacteria inside the flocs, which reduces the biodegradation rate of organic compounds by several orders of magnitude. This article presents a simple two-parameter extension of growth models for cell suspensions to account for the ensuing reductio...

Soil nematodes are useful ecological indicators and can be extracted from soil by a variety of techniques. Because the nematode samples (suspensions) quite turbid (i.e., they contain particles organic in addition to nematodes), quantitative taxonomic analyses microscopy difficult. In this study, following three methods for cleaning suspensions obtained Baermann funnels were assessed: repeated c...

In this study, we characterized and modeled the rheology of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (NFC) aqueous suspensions with electrostatically stabilized and unflocculated nanofibrous structures. These colloidal suspensions of slender and wavy nanofibers exhibited a yield stress and a shear thinning behavior at low and high shear rates, respectively. Both the shear yield stress and the consis...

PURPOSE The stability and viscosity of preparations of a commercially available, flavored, immediate-release powder for oral suspension (omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate) during refrigerator and room temperature storage were investigated. METHODS Omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate 20-mg packets were suspended to initial omeprazole concentrations of 0.6 and 2 mg/mL, and omeprazole-sodium bicarbonate 4...

We investigated the effects of particle shape on shear thickening in densely packed suspensions. Rods of different aspect ratios and nonconvex hooked rods were fabricated. Viscosity curves and normal stresses were measured using a rheometer for a wide range of packing fractions for each shape. Suspensions of each shape exhibit qualitatively similar discontinuous shear thickening. The logarithmi...

We study droplet formation in granular suspensions by systematically varying the volume fractions (φ) and particle diameters (d). For suspensions with water as the suspending liquid, we find three different regimes. For dilute suspensions (φ≤45%), drop formation follows the predictions for inertial breakup and exhibits identical dynamics to that of pure water. The breakup is strongly asymmetric...

We construct the hydrodynamic equations for suspensions of self-propelled particles (SPPs) with spontaneous orientational order, and make a number of striking, testable predictions: (i) Nematic SPP suspensions are always absolutely unstable at long wavelengths. (ii) SPP suspensions support novel propagating modes at long wavelengths, coupling orientation, flow, and concentration. (iii) In a wav...

We develop an immersed boundary approach to modeling reaction-diffusion processes in dispersions of reactive spherical particles, from the diffusion-limited to the reaction-limited setting. We represent each reactive particle with a minimally-resolved "blob" using many fewer degrees of freedom per particle than standard discretization approaches. More complicated or more highly resolved particl...