Intertextuality is the overt or covert appearance of a contemporary or earlier text in another, and texts with similar themes can more often impact each other intertextually. From this perspective, the intertextual impact of ‘Attār’s Asrār Nāmeh, as the background text, on Shabestari's Golshan Rāz, as the foreground text, was studied. It is argued that this intertextual impact ...

One of the major challenges in the field of architec­ture is the reading and critiquing individual works re­gardless of relevant textual layers that may affect the formation of the work. The main concern of the pre­sent research is the great importance of criticism to the architectural community. Unfortunately however, the lack of systematic readings of architectural works has led to the absenc...

With regard to contemporary art, we find that the desire for the singularity and uniqueness of the artworks and the emphasis on its originality has prevailed in the space of critique and analysis of the works (or at least in its most important forms and approaches), which indicates a kind of inner perplexity towards understanding kinship of the works and preventing the development of the intert...

a one dimensional dynamic model for a riser reactor in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit (fccu) for gasoil feed has been developed in two distinct conditions, one for industrial fccu and another for fccu using various frequencies of microwave energy spaced at the height of the riser reactor (fccu-mw). in addition, in order to increase the accuracy of component and bulk diffusion, instanta...

one of the applications of nanotechnology is use of carbon nanotubes for the targeted delivery of drug molecules. to demonstrate the physical and chemical properties of biomolecules and identify new material of drug properties, the interaction of carbon nanotubes (cnts) with biomolecules is a subject of many investigations. cnts is a synthetic compound with extraordinary mechanical, thermal, el...

learning english is very popular all over the world nowadays and it is considered a high prestigious language among citizens of different societies. one of the most important materials for learning a new language are textbooks. the debate that whether learning a new language is natural and neutral or ideological and influential on people’s worldviews, has always been of great importance.

this study gives a rough notional method to find their textual placing and valuating in the text, narrows the board of vision to mystic items and finally lists the strategies used by the translators of mathnawi to present solutions for preserving the additional values. at last, as the sum-up, strategies in comparison would be presented. it should be noted that by extending the translations from...

this study investigated how group formation method, namely student-selected vs. teacher-assigned, influences the results of the community model of teaching creative writing; i.e., group dynamics and group outcome (the quality of performance). the study adopted an experimental comparison group and microgenetic research design to observe the change process over a relatively short period of time. ...