of their peaceful island, which both threatened their ageing industrial supremacy and recalled to them the restive barbarians at the peripheries of their far-flung empire. Pick shows convincingly how British doctors and writers alike used a language which enabled them to deny simultaneously the existence of degeneration in their land (and therefore its cure by political means) yet identify and ...

The inclusion of pharmacists in the healthcare system of a developing country like Pakistan has always been a subject of debate among the healthcare professionals (HCPs), especially physicians, who have long ruled the healthcare system alone and who have had a long-held position of supremacy. The common argument against the inclusion of pharmacists is the dynamics of the healthcare system, and ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is one of the scientific method that computes the efficiency by using a powerful mathematics basic. data envelopment analysis is a non-parametric technique to evaluate the efficiency of a set of decision making units (dmu) with multi inputs and outputs . since dea’s models classifies decision making units into two categories of efficient and inefficient, so most ...

in postpartum departments the skills and experience of doctors and midwives will overlap together but it is not sufficiently recognized . little importance to the ability of midwives will reduce the scope of their responsibilities and decision-making power will be taken from them , also this will result in demoralization and decreasing job satisfaction. in this situation work load of new physic...

Before an outstanding article in 1999 by Richard Holton, weakness of will was identified as an agent's action contrary to his or her better judgment, while other better choices are available. The contemporary account of weakness of will (i.e., Holton’s theory) explains it in terms of intention. Accordingly, weakness of will happens if an agent fails to stick to his or her previously formed inte...

In today's business environment in which coordination and adaptation with constant changes are the only ways of survival, real-time monitoring of activities and making the decisions accordingly are necessary. Since performance measurement cannot be managed independent of business processes, Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) systems should monitor performance metrics based on business processes...

Interavl type-2 fuzzy numbers (IT2FNs) are used in many real problems such as multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems, to model the opinions/judgments of experts. This paper, using centroid points and uncertainty degrees of IT2FNs, presents a new method to rank them. Also, we present new methods based on Choquet integral and various types of Power average to aggregate a set of IT2FNs...

advancements in different field of medicine have given rise to complex ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. the more the clinicians are sensitized to ethical problems and familiar with ethical decision-making, the more they can value professionalism in their practice. the current paper is designed to emphasize physicians to think ethically in the field of internal medicine and endocrinology. ...