We investigated in meso crystallization of membrane proteins to develop a fast screening technology which combines features of the well established classical vapor diffusion experiment with the batch meso phase crystallization, but without premixing of protein and monoolein. It inherits the advantages of both methods, namely (i) the stabilization of membrane proteins in the meso phase, (ii) the...

We report single-crystalline mesoporous molybdenum nitride nanowires (meso-Mo3N2-NWs) prepared by topotactic reaction using single-crystalline molybdenum oxide nanowires. The single-crystalline nature of meso-Mo3N2-NWs was clearly observed by field-emission transmission electron microscopy. The meso-Mo3N2-NWs exhibited mesoporous structure with 45 m/g in specific surface area and 4.6 nm in aver...

In this paper we present a search-based approach for procedural generation of game levels that represents levels as sequences of micro-patterns and searched for meso-patterns. The micro-patterns are “slices” of original human-designed levels from an existing game, whereas the meso-patters are abstractions of common design patterns seen in the same levels. This method generates levels that are s...

Richard Saltman and Antonio Duran take up the challenging issue of governance in their article “Governance, Government and the Search for New Provider Models,” and use two case studies of health policy changes in Sweden and Spain to shed light on the subject. In this commentary, I seek to link their conceptualization of governance, especially its interrelated roles at the macro, meso, and micro...

In a Henry-type reaction nitromethane reacts with N-(2-pyridylmethylidene)-methylamine (1) yielding 1-methylamino-1-(2-pyridyl)-2-nitromethane (2) in nearly quantitative yield. This orange compound decomposes slowly in an inert gas atmosphere and fast in contact with air. Therefore 2 has to be stored at −78 ◦C as a methanol solution. Reduction of 2 with hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C cataly...

Complementary to enantioselective transformations of planar functionalities, catalytic desymmetrization of meso compounds is another fundamentally important strategy for asymmetric synthesis. However, experimentally established stereochemical models on how a chiral catalyst discriminates between two enantiotopic functional groups in the desymmetrization of a meso substrate are particularly lack...

Serratia sp. T241, a newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, produced three 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) stereoisomers. In this study, three 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDH1-3) and one glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in 2,3-BD isomers formation by Serratia sp. T241 were identified. In vitro conversion showed BDH1 and BDH2 could catalyzed (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin into (2S,3S)-2,3-BD and...

meso-a,eDiaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase, which has been purified to homogeneity from the extract of Bacillus sphaericus IF0 3626, has a molecular weight of about 80,000 and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (approximately 40,000). The enzyme has a high substrate specificity. In addition to mso-a,diaminopimelate, lanthionine is deaminated by the enzyme to a far lesser extent...