threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

although the history of communication is as old as history of human society, the speed and volume of communication with the advent of electronic era in the 19th century created a revolution in the communication technology. at a time when prussia was traversing the path of industrialization and the number of companies investing in different industries was increasing by the day, the company of si...

Apart from altruistic reasons, NGOs may engage in developing countries under conditions of conflict and war in order to secure funding and survive in the ‘market’ of humanitarian relief and development assistance. Applying a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, we analyze empirically whether the presence of US-based NGOs in Afghanistan and Iraq improved their chances of external fu...

Stream benthic macroinvertebrates are useful indicators of the impacts of disturbances on catchment and stream conditions because they integrate many catchment-scale ecological processes. We tested the ability of macroinvertebrate assemblages over a 3-year period to indicate the impacts of a range of disturbances resulting from military training at the Fort Benning Military Installation, Georgi...

1. introduction tarikh-e baihaqi has been most often read as a seminal work of literature; by virtue of this fact, a great deal of its merits has been eclipsed. in this very research, the extent of demonstrating the prominence of war and military related issues will go under a close scrutiny. the prime assertion of this research states that tarikhe-e beihaqi presents a panoramic view of war and...

The present study seeks to discuss the incidence of a stress fracture in not athletes. This type pathology occurs as result repetitive number movements given region, fatigue and muscle imbalance are main responsible for these fractures, which mainly affect runners military, groups that more susceptible large amount impact In practice, has been increasing non-athletes. To do so, it reviews liter...

This paper examines the relationship, often claimed as beneficial, between war and advances in medicine and surgery. Some of the conflicting opinions that have been expressed are discussed. Military medicine in general is conservative and non-innovative. Some medical advances have indeed originated in war, but many other efforts were failures and are forgotten. The application of others is limi...