hojatt-ol hagh hakim abolfath-e omar ibn-e ebrahim known as khayyam or khayyami, was a philosopher, mathematician, astrologer, and poet of late fifth-early sixth century a.d. for long he was famous for his scientific features, however, later on his stanzas, were introduced to the world, the west in particular, through the translations provided by the nineteenth century british poet fitzgerald. ...

This primary-source study of 4 medical works of the 13th century Muslim scholar Ibn Al-Nafis confirmed that his Kitab Al-Mujaz Fi Al-Tibb was authored as an independent book meant to be a handbook for medical students and practitioners not as an epitome of Kitab Al-Qanun of Ibn Sina as thought by recent historians. His huge medical encyclopedia, Al-Shamil, represents a wave of intense scientifi...

DURING iTS two hundred and sixty-eight years of domination over the Maltese Islands (1530-1798), the Order of St. John of Jerusalem waged an unceasing war against the Barbary and Turkish pirates in the Mediterranean. Those who escaped death were enslaved by the victor, irrespective of sex or age, or whether they were combatants or simply passengers and crews of unarmed vessels; so much so that ...

the purpose of this paper is to apply ibn-khaldun’s dialectic of asabiyya to explain the nature of relationship between war and the world order in the modern era via ‘macro structural change’. it is argued here that these changes in the world order in the modern times have a dialectical relationship with war. here, ibn-khaldun’s approach to historical change is applied for the explication of th...

It is common for historians of medieval thought to note that the influence of Aristotle on Islamic philosophy was tinged with Neoplatonism, thanks to a text known as the "Theology of Aristotle." It is now known that the "Theology" is in fact not a work of Aristotle's but rather a paraphrase of parts of Plotinus's Enneads. Certainly, the misattribution of this work to Aristotle facilitated the s...

This paper proposes a declarative language for knowledge representation (Ibn Rochd), and its environment of exploitation (DeGSE). This DeGSE system was designed and developed to facilitate Ibn Rochd writing applications. The system was tested on several knowledge bases by ascending complexity, culminating in a system for recognition of a plant or a tree, and advisors to purchase a car, for peda...