S tandardised population based health surveys have produced much useful information on the prevalence and determinants of asthma in children (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) study) and adults (European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS) study). Most sites participating in these studies have been in high income countries and, because some centres took part a...

Workers’ compensation is one of the few State-administered income-maintenance programs operating throughout the United States. The national “system” that provides medical care and income-maintenance protection to workers disabled from workrelated injuries or illnesses actually consists of 50 independent State operations and several special Federal programs. The Social Security Administration (S...

OBJECTIVES We explored changing relations between substance use, welfare receipt, and substance-abuse treatment among low-income mothers before and after welfare reform. METHODS We examined annual data from mothers aged 18 to 49 years in the 1990-2001 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse and the 2002 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression was used to examine determinan...

BACKGROUND The prevalence and correlates of depression vary across countries. Contextual factors such as country-level income or income inequalities have been hypothesised to contribute to these differences. AIMS To investigate associations of depression with socioeconomic factors at the country level (income inequality, gross national income) and individual (education, employment, assets and...

BACKGROUND Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an important prevention initiative in reducing HIV/AIDS transmission. Despite current global prevention efforts, many low- and middle-income countries continue reporting low VCT levels. Little is known about the association of within- and between-country socioeconomic inequalities and VCT. Based on the 'inverse equity hypothesis,' this study ...

human development index (hdi) is a composite indicator that can show the impact of economic strategies on human life standards. the index is calculated by three main factors of income, education and health. this research studies the status of hdi across the iranian provinces, its changes over time and the efficiency of provinces in using resources.the data for 2001 and 2009 was obtained from th...

changes to enhance the utility and cost-effectiveness of the program. Constance F. Citro, National Research Council, was Study Director, and Graham Kalton, Westat, Inc., Rockville, Md., was Chair of the Panel to Evaluate the Survey of Income and Program Participation, Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. This ar...

Canada’s federal government intends to take steps to implement national pharmacare so that all Canadians have prescription drug coverage they need at an affordable price. Relatively limited funds have so far been pledged to support national pharmacare, which raises the question: what kind of program is envisioned? Since the government has already introduced regulations intended to reduce new dr...

Most data and evidence on the economic burden of brucellosis and the benefits of its control are from high-income and middle-income countries. However, the burden of brucellosis is greatest in low-income countries. This paper focuses on estimating the economic burdens of brucellosis in low-income countries in tropical Asia and Africa. The prospects for national, technically feasible, and econom...