This study estimates the effects of human capital underutilization on economic growth and productivity. paper investigated relationship between using a variety econometric tests like Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Integration ARDL model. The results indicate that, there is negative growth. that has greater long-term impact than it does in short run. Reforms to education training systems...

Results: Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates, money growth, income growth, changes in nominal exchange rate, and budget deficit. From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality, followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confir...

Abstract. We analyze the statistical properties of nonparametrically estimated functions in a functional-coefficient model if the data has a unit root. We show that the estimated function converges at a faster rate than under the stationary case. However, the estimator has a mixed normal distribution so that point-wise confidence intervals are calculated using the usual normal distribution theo...

The study examined the relationship between Budget deficit and Trade deficit for the economy of Pakistan. Time series data was used from the period 1972 to 2011. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test used to check the stationary of the variables and found that all variables were stationary at first difference. Johansen Co-integration used to find the long relationship and found that budget deficit has p...

The study conducts a comparative analysis of the relationship between renewable electricity consumption and economic growth in South Africa Zimbabwe. utilises time series data spanning from 1990 to 2019 collected World Bank International Energy Agency (IEA). performed Dickey-Fuller Generalised Least Squares Phillips-Perron unit root test, ARDL Bounds test for cointegration optimal lags models. ...

The present research aims to evaluate impacts of crude oil price return index, Bloomberg Petroleum Index and Bloomberg energy index on stock market returns of 121 companies listed in Tehran stock exchange in a 10 years' period from early 2006 to April 2016. First, explanatory variables were aligned with petroleum products index mostly due to application of dollar data. Subsequently, to check va...

This paper examines, both theoretically and through Monte Carlo analysis, the implications of applying the HEGY seasonal root tests to a process that is periodically integrated. As an important special case, the random walk process is also considered. In the context of the HEGY regression, the asymptotic distribution of the zero frequency test statistic is dependent on the coefficients of the p...

We examine the empirical relationship between financial and economic growth in Bangladesh over the period of 1985-2014. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is performed for checking the stationarity properties and it is revealed that all the concerned variables are stationary. Johansen cointegration method indicates that long-run cointegrating relationship prevails in some of the concerned varia...