The present article addresses the typology of the approaches to the science of the interrelatedness of the qur’ānic chapters. To this end, this science has been bought under typological analyses from the viewpoints of the past and contemporary scholars. In the approaches of the past scholars, topics such as the narrative origins and the backgrounds of this science, the chainlike relationship be...

Strategic decision makers are frequently faced with unstructured problems that cannot be solved adequately by analytical means. In such situations, a better decision-making approach is one based on stakeholders’ participation. A particular form of such an approach is known as participatory modelling, whereby participatory methods are used for knowledge elicitation while simulation modelling tec...

INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION APPROACHES ON THE PRACTICE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN KENYA SECONDARY SCHOOLS ONDIEKI, MORARA GEORGE and MATONDA, NYABIAGE EMMAH Graduate students University of Nairobi P.O. Box 902 Kisii40200 Abstract This study sought to establish whether quality assurance as currently practiced in learning institutions in Kenya is a form of participatory moni...

Many forest planning situations are complex; multiple criteria of different natures have to be considered and several stakeholders or social groups may be involved. An approach that is increasingly used in these complex situations is the combination of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and participatory planning. A crucial part of MCDA processes involving more than one decision maker i...

The following study aims to present an innovative approach for Design. Participatory Design is the model of direct involvement of different social groups in the design from functional tools to environments, social institutions and businesses. Diverse collection of practices has been developed to support this direct involvement by Participatory Design. People are invited to participate during di...