Introduction: There are different approaches for controlling pain in patients after cesarean section, but still there is not enough to relieve the pain and satisfaction of the patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ketorolac and Pethidine on pain control after cesarean section surgery in Birjand in2016-2017. Methods: In this Randomized clinical trial study, 122 pregnant wo...

  Background and Aim: Cardiac catheterization is a widely used cardiac investigation procedure in Iran. However, back pain is frequently reported following cardiac catheterization due to prolonged bed rest after the procedure. There is no research about factors that affect back pain. This study was designed to explore these factors in patients admitted to Taleghani hospital for cardiac catheter...

with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...

the present research study attempted to find out the extent to which two pre-task activities of “glossary of unknown vocabulary items” and “content related support” assisted efl language learners with their performance on listening comprehension questions across two different proficiency levels (low and high). data for this study were obtained from a total of 120 language learners, female and m...